Plasma cytokine profiles in preterm neonates with congenital pneumonia in the first week of life


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Abstract

Aim. To investigate plasma cytokine levels in preterm neonates with congenital pneumonia in the first week of life. Materials and methods. The study included 76 preterm neonates (gestational age (GA) 25-36 weeks, study group) and 13 healthy term infants (GA 37w, control group) born in our Center from January 2019 to November 2019. All preterm neonates developed clinical signs of systemic inflammatory response syndrome and respiratory failure during the first hours of life and were treated for congenital pneumonia in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). The children of the control group were born in satisfactory condition. Their early neonatal adaptation was uneventful. They were discharged home before the end of the first week of life. The study group was divided into two subgroups based on GA (25-31w and 32-36 w). Plasma cytokine profiles of the neonates were analyzed. Blood samples were taken on days 1, 3, and 7 of life in the study group and day 1 of life in the control group. Blood samples were collected into EDTA tubes. Plasma cytokine profiling included pro-inflammatory (IFNy, TNFa, IL-1ß, IL-2, IL-6, IL-12, IL-17), anti-inflammatory (IL-4, IL-5, IL-10, IL-13) chemokines (IL-8, MCP-1, MIP-1ß), and growth factors (IL-7, G-CSF, GM-CSF). Results. Very preterm neonates (GA 25-31w) with congenital pneumonia had higher concentrations of plasma pro-inflammatory mediators than preterm neonates of greater gestational age (GA 32-36w) and term infants (GA 37w) on day 1 of life. The persistence of higher IL-6 and IL-8 concentrations in preterm neonates at GA 25-31w compared to preterm neonates at GA 32-36w up to day 7 of life indicates increased systemic inflammatory response from the moment of birth and incomplete relief of the inflammatory process in extremely immature children, despite comprehensive, intensive therapy. Conclusion. Plasma cytokine profiling in preterm neonates is an effective laboratory tool for early diagnosis of congenital pneumonia and evaluating the effectiveness of therapy in the first week of life.

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About the authors

Eugenia V. Inviyaeva

Academician V.I. Kulakov National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation

Email: e_inviyaeva@oparina4.ru
Ph.D. (bio.sci.), Senior Researcher at the Laboratory of Clinical Immunology Moscow, Russia

Irina V. Nikitina

Academician V.I. Kulakov National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation

Email: i_nikitina@oparina4ru
Ph.D., Leading Researcher at the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit №2 Moscow, Russia

Lubov V. Krechetova

Academician V.I. Kulakov National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation

Email: l_krechetova@oparina4ru
Dr. Med. Sci., Head of the Laboratory of Clinical Immunology Moscow, Russia

Olga A. Krog-Jensen

I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (Sechenov University); Academician V.I. Kulakov National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation

Email: olgaborisevich@gmail.com
Ph.D., Neonatologist at the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit №2 Moscow, Russia

Valentina V. Vtorushina

Academician V.I. Kulakov National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation

Email: v_vtorushina@oparina4.ru
Ph.D., Immunologist at the Laboratory of Clinical Immunology Moscow, Russia

Anna A. Lenyushkina

Academician V.I. Kulakov National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation

Email: a-lenushkina@yandex.ru
Ph.D., Head of the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit №2 Moscow, Russia

Viktor V. Zubkov

Academician V.I. Kulakov National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation;I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (Sechenov University)

Email: victor.zubkov@mail.ru
Dr. Med. Sci., Professor, Director of the Institute of Neonatology and Pediatrics, Head of the Department of Neonatology Moscow, Russia

Dmitriy N. Degtyarev

Academician V.I. Kulakov National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation;I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (Sechenov University)

Email: d_degtiarev@oparina4.ru
Dr. Med. Sci., Professor, Deputy Director for Research Moscow, Russia

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