Assessment of quality of life, psycho-emotional state, eating behavior, obstetric and perinatal outcomes in pregnant women with early and late gestational diabetes mellitus

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Abstract

Objective: To evaluate anamnestic data, quality of life, psycho-emotional state, eating behavior, obstetric and perinatal outcomes in women with early and late gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM).

Materials and methods: We conducted a study that included 144 women with GDM. 86 out of these women were included in group 1 with early GDM that was detected before 24 weeks of pregnancy, and group 2 comprised 68 women with late GDM detected after 24 weeks. The questionnaires Short Form 36 (SF-36), Well-being-Activity-Mood (WAM), Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) and the Dutch eating behavior questionnaire (DEBQ) were used. The course of pregnancy and perinatal outcomes were evaluated.

Results: Women with GDM that was detected in early pregnancy were characterized by decreased indicators of vital activity, social functioning, mental and psychological health, well-being and mood, high indicators of subclinical anxiety and subclinical depression. Women with GDM that was detected in early pregnancy were characterized by frequent mental distress (RR 3.36; 95% CI 1.67–6.78; p<0.001), miscarriages inherited from their mothers (RR 9.49; 95% CI 1.26–71.18; p=0.03), arterial hypertension during previous pregnancy (RR 5.14; 95% CI 1.20–22.01; p=0.03), recurrent miscarriage in medical history (RR 8.69; 95% CI 1.15–65.72; p=0.04), intake of methylprednisolone (RR 9.49; 95% CI 1.26–71.18; p=0.03), tranexamic acid (RR 9.49; 95% CI 2.32–38.75; p=0.002), sodium ethamsylate (RR 5.53; 95% 1.30–23.53; p=0.02), threatened early miscarriage (RR 13.84; 95% CI 3.45–55.50; p<0.001), threatened late miscarriage (RR 4.47; 95% CI 1.02–15.70; p=0.04), placental insufficiency (RR 4.47; 95% CI 1.61–12.44; p=0.004), premature birth (RR 3.89; 95% CI 1.37–11.03; p=0.01). The patients with GDM that was detected in later terms of pregnancy were characterized by more frequent presence of type 1 diabetes mellitus in first-degree relatives (RR 0.05; 95% CI 0.003–0.79; p=0.03), and in second-degree relatives (RR 0.13; 95% CI 0.03–0.56; p=0.01), late menarche (12.6 (1.3) and 13.4 (1.3); p=0.01), frequent dysmenorrhea (RR 0.47; 95% CI 0.36–0.62; p<0.001).

Conclusion: Women with early GDM were characterized by frequent mental distress, miscarriages inherited from their mothers, arterial hypertension during previous pregnancy, recurrent miscarriage in medical history, intake of methylprednisolone, tranexamic acid and ethamsylate, threatened early and late miscarriages, placental insufficiency, premature birth. Women with late GDM were characterized by the frequent presence of type 1 diabetes mellitus in first-degree and second-degree relatives, late menarche, dysmenorrhea in anamnesis.

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About the authors

Natalia V. Batrak

Ivanovo State Medical Academy, Ministry of Health of Russia

Author for correspondence.
Email: batrakn@inbox.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-5230-9961

PhD, Associate Professor at the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical Genetics

Russian Federation, Ivanovo

Anna I. Malyshkina

Ivanovo State Medical Academy, Ministry of Health of Russia; Ivanovo Research Institute of Maternity and Childhood named after V.N. Gorodkov, Ministry of Health of Russia

Email: ivniimid@inbox.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-1145-0563

Dr. Med. Sci., Professor, Director; Head of the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical Genetics

Russian Federation, Ivanovo; Ivanovo

Alina S. Tkachenko

Ivanovo State Medical Academy, Ministry of Health of Russia

Email: alina.tkachenkoisma@mail.ru

5th year student of the Faculty of Medicine

Russian Federation, Ivanovo

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