Objective: To evaluate anamnestic data, quality of life, psycho-emotional state, eating behavior, obstetric and perinatal outcomes in women with early and late gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM).
Materials and methods: We conducted a study that included 144 women with GDM. 86 out of these women were included in group 1 with early GDM that was detected before 24 weeks of pregnancy, and group 2 comprised 68 women with late GDM detected after 24 weeks. The questionnaires Short Form 36 (SF-36), Well-being-Activity-Mood (WAM), Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) and the Dutch eating behavior questionnaire (DEBQ) were used. The course of pregnancy and perinatal outcomes were evaluated.
Results: Women with GDM that was detected in early pregnancy were characterized by decreased indicators of vital activity, social functioning, mental and psychological health, well-being and mood, high indicators of subclinical anxiety and subclinical depression. Women with GDM that was detected in early pregnancy were characterized by frequent mental distress (RR 3.36; 95% CI 1.67–6.78; p<0.001), miscarriages inherited from their mothers (RR 9.49; 95% CI 1.26–71.18; p=0.03), arterial hypertension during previous pregnancy (RR 5.14; 95% CI 1.20–22.01; p=0.03), recurrent miscarriage in medical history (RR 8.69; 95% CI 1.15–65.72; p=0.04), intake of methylprednisolone (RR 9.49; 95% CI 1.26–71.18; p=0.03), tranexamic acid (RR 9.49; 95% CI 2.32–38.75; p=0.002), sodium ethamsylate (RR 5.53; 95% 1.30–23.53; p=0.02), threatened early miscarriage (RR 13.84; 95% CI 3.45–55.50; p<0.001), threatened late miscarriage (RR 4.47; 95% CI 1.02–15.70; p=0.04), placental insufficiency (RR 4.47; 95% CI 1.61–12.44; p=0.004), premature birth (RR 3.89; 95% CI 1.37–11.03; p=0.01). The patients with GDM that was detected in later terms of pregnancy were characterized by more frequent presence of type 1 diabetes mellitus in first-degree relatives (RR 0.05; 95% CI 0.003–0.79; p=0.03), and in second-degree relatives (RR 0.13; 95% CI 0.03–0.56; p=0.01), late menarche (12.6 (1.3) and 13.4 (1.3); p=0.01), frequent dysmenorrhea (RR 0.47; 95% CI 0.36–0.62; p<0.001).
Conclusion: Women with early GDM were characterized by frequent mental distress, miscarriages inherited from their mothers, arterial hypertension during previous pregnancy, recurrent miscarriage in medical history, intake of methylprednisolone, tranexamic acid and ethamsylate, threatened early and late miscarriages, placental insufficiency, premature birth. Women with late GDM were characterized by the frequent presence of type 1 diabetes mellitus in first-degree and second-degree relatives, late menarche, dysmenorrhea in anamnesis.