Comprehensive analysis of the factors of anthropogenic transformation of the Ural River drainage area

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Abstract

The cartographic data on anthropogenically transformed areas within the Ural River basin were analyzed to reveal the features of their spatial heterogeneity. The characteristics of the distribution and longterm development dynamics of the main types of nature management, settlement system, transport infrastructure facilities, and large industrial plants were taken into account. The main factor of the spatial distribution of various types of economic activity was found to be the difference in the natural-resource potential due to the latitude-zonal and geological-geomorphological diversity of landscapes in the drainage area. It has been found that the most deeply transformed areas are located along the Ural River valley, which is due to the existing settlement system and the presence of guaranteed reserves of water resources. An important factor of the transformation of the Ural River drainage area is the mining industry, which forms large industrial agglomerations and serves as the main source of pollutants that enter river water.

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About the authors

Zh. T. Sivokhip

Institute of Steppe, Ural Division, Russian Academy of Sciences

Author for correspondence.
Email: sivohip@mail.ru
Russian Federation, Orenburg, 460000

V. M. Pavleichik

Institute of Steppe, Ural Division, Russian Academy of Sciences

Email: sivohip@mail.ru
Russian Federation, Orenburg, 460000

A. A. Chibilev

Institute of Steppe, Ural Division, Russian Academy of Sciences

Email: sivohip@mail.ru
Russian Federation, Orenburg, 460000

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2. Fig. 1. Spatial distribution of the main factors of anthropogenic transformation of landscapes of the Ural River basin: a – background types of nature management (agriculture); b – mining industry facilities; c – transport infrastructure; d – rural population settlement system; d – runoff regulation.

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3. Fig. 2. Indicators of background types of nature management and their long-term dynamics in the catchments of the Ural River basin: a – share of arable land; b – change in the share and area of ​​arable land for 2003–2019; c – share of forested area; d – distribution of forest cover losses for 2000–2020.

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4. Fig. 3. The share of anthropogenically disturbed territories in the Ural River basin.

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