Microplastic particles investigation in karst aquifer (Zvenigorod, Russia)

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The growing production of plastic products, the majority (about 54%) of which are single-use goods, and the lack of effective plastic waste management have led to the global problem of environmental contamination by polymers. Micro- (< 5 mm) and nano-sized (< 100 nm) plastic particles (MP and NP, respectively) are found in all environments and even in living organisms. The majority of researches are focused on microplastics in surface waters, but MP and NP particles have been detected also in groundwater. The article summarizes the results of current research focused on the analysis of groundwater contamination by microplastic particles. The results of testing the sample from the Podolsko-Myachkov aquifer for the presence of microplastics in the Zvenigorodskaya biostation are presented. Visual characterization was carried out using an Olympus BX53M light microscope, the chemical composition of the polymers was determined using an EnSpectr 532 Raman spectrometer. Identification showed the presence of various polymers: polyethylene, polyurethane, polycarbonate, polyimide. Phenol-formaldehyde and polyterpene resins and various copolymers were also detected. Analysis of the chemical composition of particles revealed among the potential polymers a significant part of natural polymers being cellulose and biodegradable polymer zein. Microplastics are represented by fragments, microfibers and films, which indicate groundwater contamination by secondary microplastics. The abundance of identified particles was 2 item/L.

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E. Filimonova

Lomonosov Moscow State University

编辑信件的主要联系方式.
Email: ea.filimonova@yandex.ru
俄罗斯联邦, Moscow

L. Gutnikova

Lomonosov Moscow State University

Email: ea.filimonova@yandex.ru
俄罗斯联邦, Moscow

A. Preobrazhenskaya

Lomonosov Moscow State University

Email: ea.filimonova@yandex.ru
俄罗斯联邦, Moscow

A. Chistyakova

Lomonosov Moscow State University; Schmidt Institute of Physics of the Earth of the Russian Academy of Sciences

Email: ea.filimonova@yandex.ru
俄罗斯联邦, Moscow; Moscow

A. Efimova

Lomonosov Moscow State University

Email: ea.filimonova@yandex.ru
俄罗斯联邦, Moscow

R. Veselovsky

Lomonosov Moscow State University; Schmidt Institute of Physics of the Earth of the Russian Academy of Sciences

Email: ea.filimonova@yandex.ru
俄罗斯联邦, Moscow; Moscow

参考

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2. Fig. 1. Principal hydrogeological section in the area of the Zvenigorod Biostation, according to [6] with additions.

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3. Fig. 2. Schematic geological section of the well and schematic diagram of the groundwater sampling unit for microplastics.

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4. Fig. 3. Results of visual characterisation of potential microplastic particles.

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5. Fig. 4. Results of particle identification by Raman spectroscopy. 1 - natural polymer; 2 - unidentified polymer, ‘noisy’ spectrum; 3 - identified microplastic.

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6. Fig. 5. Raman spectra of identified natural polymer particles. Particle numbers: 63 - cellulose, 120 - zein (a protein of plant origin from the group of prolamines).

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7. Fig. 6. Photo of natural and synthetic polymers determined by Raman spectra. The number above the filter section is the number of the particle in the catalogue; 46, 63, 110 - cellulose fibres, 80 - phenol-formaldehyde resin fragment, 198 - ethyl acrylate-based copolymer fibre, 235 - polyethylene film.

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8. Fig. 7. Composition of identified microplastic particles, the first digit in the extract is the type of polymer: 1 - polyethylene, 2 - resins, 3 - copolymers, 4 - ethylene-propylene rubber, 5 - polyimide, 6 - polyurethane, 7 - polycarbonate; the second digit is the concentration, pcs/l.

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9. Fig. 8. Raman spectra of identified microplastic particles. Particle numbers: 187 - polyethylene, 237 - polyimide, 80 - phenol formaldehyde resin; 88 - polycarbonate, 145 - ethylene-propylene copolymer, 139 - polyurethane, 198 - ethyl acrylate-based copolymer.

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