To the methods of geomorphological research (geomorphological lessons of the Caspian)

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Abstract

The main focus of the article is the significance of the geomorphological method for the reconstruction of paleogeographic events that took place in the Late Pleistocene and Holocene. The specific data obtained as a result of applying this method are given. A reasonable curve of the Caspian Sea level fluctuations in the Holocene was compiled. A “risk zone” has been defined, within which the level of the Caspian Sea will fluctuate in the future, under modern physics-geographical conditions, which is fundamental importance when planning any economic measures in the coastal zone. Predictions were made and later justified of the Caspian Sea level fluctuations in the 20th–early 21st centuries. The climatic nature of the Caspian transgressions was confirmed. Obtained were new data on the evolution of the shores of the Caspian Sea under rising level conditions, which can be used when forecasting the development of the shores of other seas in the conditions of the present-day rise of the World Ocean level.

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About the authors

G. I. Rychagov

Lomonosov Moscow State University

Author for correspondence.
Email: gir242@rambler.ru

Faculty of geography

Russian Federation, Moscow

References

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2. Fig. 1. Fluctuations in the level of the Caspian Sea during the 20th – early 21st centuries

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3. Fig. 2. The structure of floodplain terraces near the mouth of the river valley. Ulluchai (Dagestan) aQ4nk - alluvium of the New Caspian age; mQ4nk - New Caspian marine sediments; lQ3hv2 - lagoon deposits of late Khvalyn age.

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4. Fig. 3. The longitudinal profile of the water edge and the bottom of the river. Volga from the source of the Bakhtemir arm to the estuary of the Volga-Caspian channel (according to [1]).

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5. Fig. 4. Fluctuations in the level of the Caspian Sea in the Holocene (according to G. I. Rychagov)

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6. Fig. 5. The Gulf of Kara-Bogaz-Gol

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7. Fig. 6. Stationary probability density of the Caspian Sea level (according to [9])

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8. Fig. 7. Scheme of transgressive development of the coastal zone of the Caspian Sea (according to [15])

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9. Fig. 8. Topographic profile across the marine part of the Kenderli spit, eastern coast of the Caspian Sea, according to [15]

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10. Fig. 9. Normalized d18O curve with boundaries of isotopic stages, the age of which is calculated from the orbital curve (thousand years, according to [27])

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