Basalt melting in dry and wet systems: Thermodynamic Modeling, Parameterization, and Comparison with Experimental data

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Аннотация

Metabasite melting is a large-scale geological process that contributes to the formation of felsic volcanics and, to a greater extent, tonalite-trondhjemite-granodiorite (TTG) complexes, which make up a significant part of ancient continental crust. Based on the results of phase equilibrium modelling using the Perple_X software package, melting parameterisation was performed for three compositions: anhydrous mid-ocean ridge basalt (MORB), MORB-H2O (2.78 wt % H2O) and hydrated basalt (AOC, altered oceanic crust, 2.78 wt % H2O) for temperatures of 500–1600°С and pressures of 0.0001–3 GPa. The obtained expressions are in good agreement with the few experimental data and show that for hydrous compositions (MORB-H2O and AOC) there is a sharp increase in melt volume (up to 20 vol %) in the first 20–30°C after passing the water solidus temperature, the subsequent increase in temperature leads to a more restrained increase in the degree of melting. Modelling has shown that near-solidus melts in hydrous systems have rhyolitic and trachydacite compositions. A further increase in the degree of melting leads to a decrease in SiO₂ and alkaline elements and an increase in CaO, MgO and FeO. The change in volume and composition of the melt is considered in the context of peritectic reactions, as well as changes in H2O content. Application of the melting parameterisation to metabasalts from subducting slabs in the Cascadia and Central Aleutian subduction hot zones has revealed different degrees of melting of these rocks along the corresponding geotherms; the products of such melting are adakite magmas. The proposed parameterisation of rock melting can be used to analyse the mechanisms of felsic rock formation in different geodynamic settings and can be integrated into existing petrological and petrological-thermomechanical models.

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Авторлар туралы

A. Sapegina

Korzhinskii Institute of Experimental Mineralogy, Russian Academy of Sciences; M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Department of Geology

Хат алмасуға жауапты Автор.
Email: ann.sapegina@gmail.com
Ресей, Chernogolovka, Moscow Region; Moscow

A. Perchuk

M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Department of Geology; Korzhinskii Institute of Experimental Mineralogy, Russian Academy of Sciences

Email: ann.sapegina@gmail.com
Ресей, Moscow; Chernogolovka, Moscow Region

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2. Fig. 1. Calculated phase diagram for the average N-MORB composition (Gale et al., 2013). Blue line – solidus, red – liquidus. Colored lines highlight the stability limits of minerals. Polygons and circles separated by sectors represent mineral parageneses and P–T conditions of the experiments. The starting compositions of the experiments are given in Table 1.

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3. Fig. 2. Calculated phase diagrams for: (a) the average composition of N-MORB with 2.78 wt.% H₂O (Gale et al., 2013) and (b) the composition of altered basalt (AOC) (Staudigel et al., 1995). Blue lines are solidi, red lines are liquidi. Colored lines highlight the limits of mineral stability. Polygons and circles separated by sectors represent mineral parageneses and P–T conditions of the experiments. The compositions of the starting compositions of the experiments are given in Table 1. The crimson line shows the stability limit of epidote, green – amphibole, purple – phengite.

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4. Fig. 3. Graphical representation of melting parameterization for the MORB composition (without water) for isobaric conditions. (a) – dependence of the degree of melting F on Tʹ. Circles – Perple_X data, lines – parameterization (Table 2); (b) – calculated curves F(T) at different pressures. Table 2 shows the parameterized equations of the lines, where the sections of the curves before and after the breaks are numbered with Roman numerals: FI, FII, FIII.

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5. Fig. 4. Graphical representation of melting parameterization for the MORB-H2O composition for isobaric conditions. (a) – dependence of F on Tʹ. Circles – Perple_X data, lines – parameterization (Table 3); (b) – calculated F(T) curves for different pressures. Table 3 shows the parameterized equations of the lines, where the sections of the curves before and after the breaks are numbered with Roman numerals: FI, FII.

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6. Fig. 5. Graphical representation of melting parameterization for the AOC composition for isobaric conditions. (a) – dependence of F on Tʹ. Circles – Perple_X data, lines – parameterization (Table 4); (b) calculated F(T) curves for different pressures. Table 4 shows the parameterized equations of the lines, where the sections of the curves before and after the breaks are numbered with Roman numerals: FI, FII, FIII.

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7. Fig. 6. Degree of melting (F, wt.%), Perple_X data obtained in experiments for (a) MORB (without water) and (b) MORB-H2O. Solid lines of different colors show the F(T) dependence obtained by parameterizing the melting of both compositions at different pressures. The errors in calculating the degree of melting in the experiments are: 1.0–1.5 wt. % (PH03), 0.01–0.8 wt. % (G92), 0.02–0.13 wt. % (B13); in other works, the errors are not given. Accepted abbreviations for experimental works: TN02 (Takahashi, Nakajima, 2002), PH03 (Pertermann, Hirschmann, 2003), G92 (Grove et al., 1992), B13 (Blatter et al., 2013), SK18 (Sisson, Kelemen, 2018).

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8. Fig. 7. Calculated trajectories of the evolution of melt compositions, melted from MORB-H₂O and AOC on the TAS diagram (Le Maitre et al., 2005). Near-liquidus melts are in the basalt field. Solid lines show the melt composition for MORB, dashed lines – for AOC. Data for different pressures are marked in color: 0.5 GPa (green), 1.5 GPa (orange), 2.5 GPa (blue).

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9. Fig. 8. Changes in the composition of melts resulting from partial melting with an increase in temperature and degree of melting from solidus to liquidus at 0.5, 1.5 and 2.5 GPa in the MORB-H₂O system.

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10. Fig. 9. Modal phase contents between solidus and liquidus for MORB-H₂O (a, c, d) and AOC (b, d, e) at 0.5, 1.5 and 2.5 GPa.

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11. Fig. 10. Change in the composition of melts resulting from partial melting with an increase in temperature and degree of melting from solidus to liquidus at 0.5, 1.5 and 2.5 GPa for AOC basalt.

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12. Fig. 11. Dependence of the degree of melting (F) on temperature for MORB-H₂O, data from Perple_X, at different water contents in the system: 1, 2.78, 5 and 10 wt. % and at different pressure values: (a) 0.5, (b) 1.5 and (c) 2.5 GPa.

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13. Fig. 12. Estimates of the degree of melting of hydrated basalt (AOC) obtained using our parameterization. The dashed black lines represent the P–T geotherms of the slab surface in the subduction zone beneath the Cascade Range and Adak Island (Western Aleutians) (Syracuse et al., 2010).

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