Historical and geoenvironmental analysis of the development of the Russian North within karst areas (by the example of Kargopol’ Region)

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Abstract

The paper deals with the history of agrarian development of the East European plain in the frame of the geoenvironment concept of agricultural landscapes, taking Kargopol’ region as an example. A large agricultural landscape unique for the middle taiga zone was formed there no later than in the twelve century. We have analyzed the natural environment of the Kargopol’ region and its influence on the agrarian development and the rural settlement pattern. We paid particular attention to the karst, which was widespread in the area and its relation with agricultural landscapes. We made mathematical modelling of both elementary agricultural landscape spatial pattern and the corresponding rural settlement pattern. A feature of the proposed modeling is its emphasis on the relationship between the natural landscape and agricultural landscape. The mathematical morphology of landscape (method proposed by A. Victorov) and, in particular, the karst system model is the base of modeling. This model is first used for the analysis of cultural (anthropogenic) rather than natural landscapes.

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About the authors

O. N. Trapeznikova

Sergeev Institute of Environmental Geoscience, Russian Academy of Sciences

Author for correspondence.
Email: dist@geoenv.ru
Russian Federation, Ulanskii per., 13, str.2, Moscow, 101000

N. I. Tormosova

Kargopol Historical Architectural and Art museum

Email: TormosovaNI@mail.ru
Russian Federation, Oktyabr’skii pr., 50/5, Kargopol’, Arkhangelsk oblast, 164110

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2. Fig. 1. Map of the relief of the bedrock of the bedrock (according to [2]). 1 - structural denudation surface of the Baltic Shield; 2 - Paleozoic plateau; 3 - carbonic ledge; 4-5 - depression: 4 - I order; 5 –II order; 6 - ancient erosion valleys.

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3. Fig. 2. Elementary agrolandscape of Kargopol sushi (Kuchepalda village). 1 - karst lake (currently without water), 2 - residential area, 3 - arable land, 4 - forest.

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4. Fig. 3. Landscape map (complete legend in Table 1). Types of agrolandscapes: I - watershed (sushi), II - riverbank, III - riverine-lake type, IV - lakeland.

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5. Fig. 4. Kargopol land - (agro) landscape on a limestone plateau with the development of karst depressions.

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6. Fig. 5. Zoning the territory of Kargopol on the degree of development of the territory. Fat lines - the boundaries of the zones of development, the tone shows the volosts with different population rates: 1-4 zones: 1 - intensive development, 2 - good development, 3 - moderate development, 4 - weak development.

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7. Fig. 6. Compliance with the theoretical (Poisson) and empirically derived distributions of the centers of elementary agrogeosystems of the Kargopol land. On the x axis - the number of centers of subsidence on the test site, on the y axis - the accumulated frequency

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