Origin, development factors and dynamics of landslides in Jurassic clay in Moscow

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Abstract

The article focuses on the factors and dynamics of development of large deep extrusion landslides in Jurassic clay participating in geological structure of high bank slopes of the Moscow River within the city boundaries. The history of geological development of territory in Meso-Cenozoic age is observed in briefly; the peculiarities of upper Jurassic clay structure are considered; the structure, composition, and physico-chemical properties of rocks are described both in preserved and weathered state; the morphology and zoning of landslide slope structure as well as stages and dynamics of landslide deformations are characterized. Recommendations on the engineering development of territories affected by landslides are given. The paper is based on the generalization of numerous publications and archive data devoted to this acute topic.

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About the authors

Yu. A. Mamaev

Sergeev Institute of Environmental Geoscience, Russian Academy of Sciences

Author for correspondence.
Email: mamaev47ya@mail.ru
Russian Federation, Ulanskii per., 13, str. 2, Moscow, 101000

S. V. Kozlovskii

Sergeev Institute of Environmental Geoscience, Russian Academy of Sciences

Email: mamaev47ya@mail.ru
Russian Federation, Ulanskii per., 13, str. 2, Moscow, 101000

A. A. Yastrebov

Sergeev Institute of Environmental Geoscience, Russian Academy of Sciences

Email: mamaev47ya@mail.ru
Russian Federation, Ulanskii per., 13, str. 2, Moscow, 101000

References

  1. Volkov, V.A., Tikhonov, A.V., Moiseenko, S.A., et al. Izuchenie stroeniya tela opolznya v parke Kolomenskoe v Moskve [The study of landslide body structure in Kolomenskoe park in Moscow]. Razvedka i okhrana nedr, 2012, no. 7, pp. 22-26 (in Russian)
  2. Dan’shin, B.M. Geologicheskoe stroenie Leninskikh gor v svyazi s nekotorymi voprosami stratigrafii otlozhenii melovoi sistemy i opolznevymi yavleniyami na beregu Moskva reki [Geological structure of Lenin Hills in relation to some issues of stratigraphy of Cretaceous system deposits and landslides phenomena on the bank of Moscow River]. Izvestiya Moskovskogo geologicheskogo tresta. Moscow-Leningrad, NKTP SSSR Publ., 1937, vol. IV, pp. 8-22. (in Russian)
  3. Ziangirov, R.S., Krylov, Yu.P., Nikolaev I.A., Sorochan, E.A. Opyt stroitel’stva zdanii na yurskikh glinakh [Experience in the construction of buildings on Jurassic clay]. Osnovaniya, fundamenty i mekhanika gruntov, 2000, no. 3, pp. 16-22. (in Russian)
  4. Mamaev, Yu.A., Tikhvinskii I.O. Opyt primemeniya modelei iz ekvivalentnykh materialov dlya izucheniya mekhanizms opolznei i analiza metodov raschetov ustoichivosti sklonov [Experience in applying equivalent-materials models for the study of landslide mechanisms and the analysis of calculation methods of slope stability]. Voprosy izucheniya inzhenerno-geologicheskikh protsessov [Issues of the study of engineering geological processes]. Moscow, Stroiizdat, 1984, pp. 13-19. (in Russian)
  5. Moskva: geologiya i gorod [Moscow: geology and the city]. Osipov, V.I., Medvedev, O.P., Eds. Moscow, Moskovskie uchebniki i kartolitografiya, 1997, 400 p. (in Russian)
  6. Nikolaeva, G.V. About the distribution of landslide deposits in the area of Luzhnetskaya meander of the Mosow River. Geoekologiya, 2016, no. 6, pp. 557-565. (in Russian)
  7. Osipov, V.I., Mamaev, Yu.A., Yastrebov, A.A., Kanaeva, L.A. Engineering geological characteristics of soils and rocks along the route of the new Kozhukhovskaya line of Moscow metro. Geoekologiyaa, 2015, no. 4, pp. 317-323. (in Russian)
  8. Osipov, V.I., Postoev, G.P. Effektivnoe ispol’zovanie opolzneopasnoi territorii megapolisov [Efficient use of landslide-prone territory of megacities]. Proc. Intern. Conf. on geoengineering (June 7-10, 2010), Moscow, 2010, vol. 5, pp. 1741-1746 (in Russian)
  9. Osipov, V.I., Sokolov, V.N. Gliny i ikh svoistva [Clays and their properties]. Moscow, GEOS, 2013, 576 p. (in Russian)

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2. Fig. 1. The distribution pattern of Jurassic sediments and deep landslides in the territory of Moscow.

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3. Fig. 2. A landslide on the right bank of the river. Moscow in the area of the railway station "Moskvorechye" with the depressing of the river bed (Internet resource). 1 - edge of the landslide ledge; 2 - the surface of the landslide ledge; 3 - landslide body with an extrusion shaft in the near-river part; 4 - channel of the Moskva River with a depression to the left bank.

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4. Fig. 3. Landslide steps on the slope of the Sparrow Hills. 1 - sidelines of landslide ledges; 2 - numbers of landslide steps from the river edge; 3 - geological index of landslide bodies.

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5. Fig. 4. Schematic geological section of a landslide slope of the river valley. Moscow in the area of ​​the Sparrow Hills (according to [6] with additions). 1-9 - Quaternary sediments and bedrock: 1 - fluvioglacial sands and loams of Moscow glaciation; 2 - boulder loam of the Moscow moraine; 3 - fluvioglacial sands and sandy loam of the Don horizon; 4 - moraine of the Don horizon; 5 - sands of the Lower Cretaceous; 6 - sands and silts of the Upper Jurassic; 7 - Jurassic clays of the Oxford tier; 8 - clay of the Callovian tier; 9 - interbedded limestones, marls, dolomites, clays of the Upper Cretaceous; 10 - estimated boundaries of eroded landslide massifs of different age cycles; 11 - the boundaries of modern landslides; 12 - absolute elevation of the earth.

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