Clinical and epidemiological trends of primary disability of children due to mental disorders in the Republic of Tatarstan (2021–2023)

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Abstract

BACKGROUND: Mental disorders are one of the leading causes of primary disability in children, a concern for both public healthcare and clinical psychiatry. The issue is further complicated by the lack of objective diagnostic measures of mental disorders, regional differences in the interpretation of diagnostic criteria, and significant social influences.

AIM: The aim of the study was to identify the main clinical and epidemiological characteristics of childhood primary disability due to mental disorders in the Republic of Tatarstan in 2021–2023.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: The main statistical data provided by the Information and Analytical Center of the Ministry of Health and the Bureau of Medical and Social Expertise of the Ministry of Social Protection of the Republic of Tatarstan were used as study materials, including relative primary and overall incidence and primary disability due to mental disorders in children under the age of 18. The main correlation trends were described. Statistical significance was determined using the nonparametric t-test, and the correlation coefficient (r) was calculated using the Pearson correlation coefficient.

RESULTS: A positive trend in primary mental disability in children is reported. The most common cause was organic non-psychotic mental disorders (F06 — Other mental disorders due to brain damage and dysfunction and to physical disease) at a rate of 4.02 per 100,000 of the relevant population. A significant decline in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) cases contributing to primary disability was observed between 2022 and 2023. This was associated with in-depth diagnosis as part of a comprehensive ASD care project (3.04 and 1.28 per 100,000 of the relevant population in 2022 and 2023, respectively, marking a 58% decrease).

CONCLUSION: Major trends in causes of primary disability in children include an increase in the incidence of organic nonpsychotic disorders and a decrease in the incidence of autism spectrum disorders. The incidence of schizophrenia and mental retardation as causes was unchanged.

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About the authors

Timur R. Gazizullin

Kazan State Medical University; Bekhterev Republican Clinical Psychiatric Hospital of the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Tatarstan

Author for correspondence.
Email: kary85@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-3100-6291
SPIN-code: 8872-3118

MD, Cand. Sci. (Medicine), Assistant of the Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Deputy Chief Physician, Psychiatrist

Russian Federation, Kazan; Kazan

Vladimir D. Mendelevich

Kazan State Medical University

Email: mendelevich_vl@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-8476-6083
SPIN-code: 2302-2590

MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine), Professor, Head of the Department of Psychiatry and Medical Psychology

Russian Federation, Kazan

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2. Fig. 2. Primary disability changes (relative, per 10,000 of the corresponding population).

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3. Fig. 1. Prevalence structure (٪) of mental disorders and general disability due to mental disorders (as illustrated by data for 2023). Causes of prevalence of mental disorders and general disability are stratified based on classification used in the state statistical report form.

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4. Fig. 3. Primary disability structure and changes (relative, per 100,000 of the corresponding population).

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5. Fig. 4. Primary disability by age groups (relative, per 10,000 of the corresponding population).

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