Vol LI, No 1 (2019)

In the article the case of posthumous forensic-psychiatric examination of person L. about recognition of the last will signed by him is described as invalid. Experts-psychiatrists came to conclusion about presence at L. of diagnosis - «not specified organic mental disorder in connection with the mixed diseases» (F06.98). In the resulting part of the conclusion experts specified that «the commission of experts cannot authentically speak L.’s ability to understand value of the actions and to direct them during the certificate of the will …» for the reason that «in medical documentation there is no description of a mental state as during the period as close as possible to the period of the certificate of the will, and directly at the time of signing of the will». The judgment was made on the basis of the principles «a presumption of mental health» and «a sanity presumption» to which as opposed the independent expert referred. On the basis of a unique judicial precedent the conclusion about need of expansion of use of these principles is drawn.

The aim of research was to study adherence to treatment and motivation for recovery in patients with stroke. It was revealed that with a low level of commitment, there is a strategy to avoid failures, low rates of social support and levels of achievement; a high level of adherence to treatment is shaped by the motivation to success, general internality, internality in the field of achievements. An important component in the success of the patient’s adherence to therapeutic recommendations is the human micro-social environment - family, friends, work colleagues, roommates, and others.

The study included 54 patients with cranio-cervical dystonia, 38 (70.4%) of whom were women, 16 (29.6%) - men, mean age 49,8 ± 11,3 years. 32 patients were diagnosed with cervical dystonia, groups with blepharospasm and Meige’s syndrome included 11 patients respectively. All patients were screened by «Unified Dystonia Rating Scale» and those who had cervical dystonia also by «Toronto western spasmodic torticollis rating scale (TWSTRS)». Psychoemotional state in these patients was examined by Beck depression inventory (BDI) and Hamilton’s anxiety rating scale (HAM-A). Depression and anxiety occurrence and severity was evaluated, impact of different factors including Botulinum toxin treatment was observed. Results of the study confirmed that anxiety and depressive disorders are associated with craniocervical dystonia. Sex, localization of dystonia, disease duration, and satisfaction with the treatment do not affect significantly severity of anxiety and depression. Regular injections of Botulinum toxin significantly decrease severity of psychoemotional disorders in these patients.

The article discusses modern approaches to classification of nonchemical (behavioral) addictions on the example of Internet addiction (IA). The discussion around the inclusion of gaming disorders, including those implemented via the Internet in ICD-10 is analyzed. The general neurobiological and genetic mechanisms of the formation of all addictive disorders, both chemical and non-chemical, are shown. In order to develop standardized approaches to the treatment of IA, one should first of all determine which forms are nosological units - a disorder - according to the criteria of the ICD and DSM and on this basis to conduct evidence-based studies of the effectiveness of various therapeutic methods. In the course of the discussion, it is concluded that various forms of deviations and disorders can be called «fake», but nevertheless they will not disappear and people will not stop suffering from them.

Fake nature of WHO version of ICD 10 is that it requires you to register use of SURFACTANTS with such harmful effects as mental and behavioural disorder, allowing you to diagnose it without such disorders. Applied in the Russian drug practice methodology for collection of primary statistical data resulted in the full identification of the concepts of «abuse» and «harmful use», that exacerbates a fake nature of diagnosis «Use of SURFACTANTS with harmful consequences».

The article discusses the mechanisms underlying the integration of afferent information into the structures of the Central Nervous System (CNS), on the basis of which a multisensory model (cross-modal afferentation) is developed. It is emphasized that such multisensory integration and the resulting response often lead to more selective and rapid reactions than the reaction caused by perception in the only one modality. However, the combined use of multisensory afferentations may lead to «conflict between different modalities». Using the concept of «human connectome» explains much better the processes occurring in the structures of the CNS, including multisensory integration, than schemes previously built on anatomical data. A key element in determining the type of the individual’s response to changing environmental conditions is the equally dynamic neuronal system of relations. This communication system depends on both external information and internal factors, including neuronal oscillations. These oscillations trigger the processes that result in the generation of new ideas (creative thinking), motivation to perform certain actions, and under certain conditions (including genetically determined) - the emergence of various types of neuropsychiatric disorders, including illusions, hallucinations, delusions (syndromes of Capgrás, Fregoli, intermetamorphosis, syndrome of own twins).

The review is focused on criticizing the article: “Is phenomenon «Fools-for Christ» the extraordinary psychological phenomenon or a mental disorder?“. It is shown that it is impossible to diagnose any religion phenomena outside the historical-anthropological context based upon on hagiographic descriptions only.

The hidden paradigm of A.V. Snezhnevsky’s domestic scale of negative disorders is discussed from the standpoint of cognitive deficit and the position of ICD-10 in relation to psychiatry and neurology. The basic concepts of the scale of negative (deficit) syndromes from the standpoint of cognitive processes are given.

The article analyzes the social functioning and quality of life of women with mental disorders. The relationship of demographic and premorbid factors with violent delicts were examined. The analysis of influence on the criminal behavior of the alcohol abuse and psychoactive substance addiction was carried out, as well as neglect, lack of housing and antisocial environment.

The article deals with the safety of antipsychotics, especially for children and adolescents. Two examples of the unreasonable and unsafe use of antipsychotics in children’s psychiatric clinics are given. It is emphasized that the use of antipsychotics at a young age increases the risk of heart and metabolic diseases and contributes to increased mortality.