Vol XLIX, No 2 (2017)

The purpose of the study is an investigation of the impact of cognitive impairment on proactive behavior and social functioning in patients with first-episode schizophrenia. 65 patients with paranoid schizophrenia were examined. We used memory tests, attention test, thinking tests, Proactive Behavior Inventory, GAF Scale. It was found that patients with high and low scores of proactivity had significant differences in some cognitive functions. 23,07% of patients got 51-60 scores of social functioning. 53,3% of patients got 41-50 scores. 24,61% of patients got 31-40 scores. It was found that higher scores of proactivity correspond to individuals having more effective adaptation. In turn, patients with impairment of social functioning have poor proactivity. It is proved that cognitive impairment is not the main predictors of decreased proactivity. Proactive behavior independently impacts on social functioning in patients with schizophrenia. Results of this study show that proactivity can be seen as an important diagnostic criterion on early diagnosis and treatment of schizophrenia. The development a proactive behavior in the course of psychotherapy can be an important factor for the recovery of social functioning and quality of life in patients with a first episode of schizophrenia.

The article presents the study results of the interrelations of intuition with anticipatory consistencies and psychological protections in patients with neurotic disorders. Reliable correlations between intuition, as a personal property, intuitive ability and using intuition with different components of anticipatory solvency and types of psychological defenses are revealed. Differences between patients with different forms of neurotic disorders were found. The obtained data testify to the contribution of the intuitive component to the mechanisms of psychological compensation.

Specificity of the personalized program involves its clear algorithmization, the absence of complex techniques of psychological (psychotherapeutic) intervention. That ensures the reproducibility of the program in institutions of practical public health where there is psychotherapist or clinical psychologist who has the skills of cognitive-behavioral therapy and diaphragmatic respiration. The distinctive features of the proposed program are its short-term, focus on achieving specific clinical effects, a combination of symptomatic and pathogenetic approaches, financial accessibility. All of these aspects define an undoubted advantage for patients suffering from neurotic diseases with sleep, anxiety psychopathological disorders.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of the new method of neuro-rehabilitation for the correction of the walking functions based on the principle of CI therapy (Constraint-induced movement therapy) in patients with the syndrome of hemiparesis of post-stroke origin with restoration of the equilibrium function. The study included 60 patients with moderate and pronounced syndrome of the central hemiparesis in the recovery period of stroke. Patients were randomized into two groups. Objective assessment of balance was carried out by means of computer stabilometry, as well as using the Berg Balance Scale. When evaluating, the obtained results revealed a significant reduction of the risk of falling down patients in both groups. Method of correction of the walk, based on the principle of CI therapy significantly improves the function of balance.

There presented review on the subject of cerebral venous thrombosis in children. Analysis of epidemiological data has been performed. It was shown that a major part of thrombosis in the newborn is connected in particular with anatomical and physiological characteristics of their vascular system, especially in preterm. Research data on the main factor in the development of thrombosis, thrombophilia, and the prevalence of other risk factors in different age groups are presented. Age characteristics of neurological manifestations of thrombosis, variants of clinical outcome are shown. The diagnostic criteria of the disease, selection rules of diagnostic method, diagnostic algorithms in different states in Pediatrics, most often accompanied by cerebral thrombosis, possible diagnostic errors are described. The basic principles of anticoagulant and supportive therapy cerebral venous thrombosis in children are presented.

The doctrine of “psychopathy” (later - “personality disorders”) appeared in the second half of the XIX century on the basis of social Darwinism and B. Morel theory of progressive hereditary degeneration. Passion, vices, originality from moral choices transformed into “psychiatric symptoms”. Psychiatrists have laid on the role of society defenders from the persons with psychiatric diagnoses. It has opened the floodgates for psychiatry use in police purposes. Biological theories of personality abolished the presumption of individual responsibility, contributed to the spread of conformity and totalitarianism. There is no evidence that deviations from the public morality norms are caused by the brain and mental pathology. Psychiatry, like any science, has its limits of competence. Psychiatrist assesses the state of mental functions in normal and pathological conditions. The spiritual sphere cannot be the object of scientific study. No medical knowledge can explain the world and predict behavior. No therapies exist with proven efficacy in “personality disorders”. The failure of the diagnostic criteria of “personality disorders” in the international classifications it is shown. Psychological structure should not become a psychiatric diagnosis. It is recommended to concentrate in the class within the ICD-10 Z00-Z99 “Factors influencing health status and contact with health services” useful for practical health care and medical expertise in the field of personology. The physician must be independent of the moral values of behavior and must always be on the side of the patient’s interests.

Hallucinogens are a heterogeneous class of substances that include two main groups: classical hallucinogens or psychedelics produce serotonergic effects, and dissociative hallucinogens that are glutamate NMDA receptors antagonists. Unlike alcohol and many other drugs, most hallucinogens do not have a pronounced adverse effect on health and, moreover, have some beneficial properties. Hallucinogens are not very popular among drug users, they are rarely abused, do not cause addiction, and, on the contrary, often exhibit anti-addictive properties, which makes it possible to question the legitimacy of assigning these substances to illicit drugs.

The major disorders of patients with primary hyperhomocysteinemia are presented in the article. The pathogenetic mechanisms of cerebrovascular, renal and oncological pathology in patients with hyperhomocysteinemia are given (based on a clinical case). The possible mechanisms and correction of cardiovascular events, chronic kidney disease and oncogenesis in patients with primary hyperhomocysteinemia are discussed in detail.

This article presents some results of clinical-psychopathological, clinical-psychological study of patients with somatized disorders. Were studied the features of emotional intellect in patients with somatized disorders. The interrelation has been detected between the understanding, expression and regulation of own emotions and the emergence of multiple somatic symptoms of somatized disorder. The results must be considered when carrying out psychotherapeutic interventions in complex treatment of patients.