Neuroprotective effect of Orostachys spinosa (L.) Sweet dry extract in cerebral ischemia in Wistar rats

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Abstract

Intriduction. The neurodegenerative and cerebrovascular diseases are among the leading causes of disability all over the world and the second-largest risk factor for premature mortality. A perennial plant of the Crassulaceae family, Orostachys spinosa (L.) Sweet, deserves special attention in the prevention and comprehensive treatment of these diseases. Its aboveground parts are characterized by a metabolites diversity.

The aim of the study – to evaluate the neuroprotective effect of Orostachys spinosa dry extract in cerebral ischemia/reperfusion in Wistar rats.

Material and methods. Сerebral ischemia was modeled by a five-minute occlusion of the common carotid arteries on Wistar rats.
O. spinosa extract at a dose of 100 mg/kg was administered for 14 days before modeling ischemia. After 48 hours the animals were tested in the "open field" and a conditioned passive avoidance reaction (CPAR) was developed. After 24 and 72 hours the neuron-specific enolase (NSE) level were determined in the blood serum and the growth factors (BDNF, GDNF and VEGFa) content in the brain cytolysate. Also histological studies of the brain were performed.

Research results. It has been established that O. spinosa extract increases the rearings and the animal movements number in the "open field", and also improves the development and maintenance of the CPAR. O. spinosa extract decreases the content of NSE and increases the concentration of growth factors in the brain cytolysate. O. spinosa extract decreases the number of pyknotic neurons by 24 and 30% (p <0.05) in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus, reduces the number of "shadow cells" by 20% (p <0.05).

Conclusion. O. spinosa dry extract has a neuroprotective effect during cerebral ischemia/reperfusion.

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About the authors

Ya. G. Razuvaeva

Institute of General and Experimental Biology of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences

Author for correspondence.
Email: tatur75@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0001-7829-1424
SPIN-code: 8338-9336

Dr.Sc. (Biol.), Senior Research Scientist, Laboratory of Bioactive Compounds Safety

Russian Federation, Sakh’yanovoy Str., 6, Ulan-Ude, 670047

A. A. Toropova

Institute of General and Experimental Biology of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences

Email: anyuta-tor@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0003-2618-7777
SPIN-code: 4457-1872

Ph.D. (Biol.), Senior Research Scientist, Laboratory of Bioactive Compounds Safety

Russian Federation, Sakh’yanovoy Str., 6, Ulan-Ude, 670047

E. A. Bayandueva

Institute of General and Experimental Biology of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences

Email: baynduev@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0009-0009-4748-0068
SPIN-code: 7977-9147

Post-graduate Student, Laboratory of Bioactive Compounds Safety

Russian Federation, Sakh’yanovoy Str., 6, Ulan-Ude, 670047

I. G. Nikolaeva

Institute of General and Experimental Biology of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences

Email: i-nik@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-3476-1014
SPIN-code: 8001-5544

Dr. Sc. (Pharm.), Senior Research Scientist, Laboratory of Bioactive Compounds Safety

Russian Federation, Sakh’yanovoy Str., 6, Ulan-Ude, 670047

E. A. Ubeeva

Banzarov Buryat State University

Email: ubeeva.elena@gmail.com
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-9835-2279
SPIN-code: 1831-7155

Ph.D. (Med.), Associate Professor of Medical Institute

Russian Federation, Smolina Str., 24A, Ulan-Ude, 670000

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2. Fig. 1. Effect of O. spinosa extract on the neuron-specific enolase level in the blood serum of Wistar rats during cerebral ischemia/reperfusion. From here on, differences are significant at p≤0.05 compared to the data of animals: # – positive control; * – negative control

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3. Fig. 2. Effect of O. spinosa extract on the growth factors level in the brain cytolysate of Wistar rats during cerebral ischemia/reperfusion: a – BDNF; б – GDNF; в – VEGFa

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4. Fig. 3. Effect of O. spinosa extract on the duration of the latent period in Wistar rats with cerebral ischemia/reperfusion

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5. Fig. 4. Micrographs of the cerebral cortex of Wistar rats during cerebral ischemia/reperfusion: а – control; б – O. spinosa extract; в – G. biloba extract (stained with cresyl violet according to Nissl; magnification x 200)

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6. Fig. 5. Effect of O. spinosa extract on morphometric parameters of the cerebral cortex of Wistar rats during cerebral ischemia/reperfusion

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