Vol 23, No 1 (2020)

The purpose of this review paper is to identify the level of knowledge about Spanish salsify roots and herbs as a medicinal raw materials. In Krasnodar region scorzonera or Spanish salsify (Scorzonera hispanica L.) is quite widely cultivated. It is a member of the sunflower family (Asteraceae) having rather big above-ground usable mass and a root having been long since used in the traditional medicine to treat diabetes mellitus. Anumberofauthorsconsidertheplantis dietary. The nutritionalvalueof the root crop isduetothe content of inulinandotherhigh molecular weight hydrocarbons which metabolize into fructose conferring high-degree sweetness in the process of hydrolysis. All parts of plant is used for food: juvenile leaves for salads, roots as side dishes, first and main dishes. Besides root shaving high nutritional value, the little-studied above-ground part of Spanish salsify is also of interest as a promising product for producing medicines in complex non waste plant processing. In this connection it seems appropriate to analize the current data in the literature with the purpose to find out the level knowledge about salsify as a medicineplant.

A potential antidepressant based on the BDNF loop 4 dipeptide mimetic GSB-106, bis-(N-monosuccinyl-L-seryl-L-lysine) hexameth-ylenediamide, is developing at the V.V. Zakusov Research Institute of Pharmacology.It is well known that depression is often accompanied by cognitive impairment. The aim of this investigation was to study the nootropic activity of GSB-106. The effect of GSB-106 dipeptide on memory was studied upon subchronicintraperitoneal (ip) administration to unbred male ratsusing novel object recognition testand passive avoidance reflex amnesia caused by maximum electroshock (MES).GSB-106 was administered at a dose of 0.1 mg/kg (ip) for 14 days before the object recognition test and at doses of 0.1 and 1.0 mg/kg (ip) for 5 days before passive avoidance reaction training. It was found that GSB-106 at a dose of 0.1 mg / kg improves working memory in the novel object recognition test, increasing the relative time of investigation of an unfamiliar object, and at a dose of 1.0 mg / kg shows a pronounced antiamnestic activity with a therapeutic effect of about 60% in the passive avoidance reaction test with amnesia caused by MES. Thus, the dipeptide mimetic of the BDNF loop 4 GSB-106 exhibits nootropic activity.

The aim of the research is a comparative study of the antibacterial activity of samples of tinctures at various concentrations of ethyl alcohol and water infusion from Monarda fistulosa herbs against strains of mucoviscidosis. The article presents the results of a study of the antimicrobial activity of tinctures of Monarda fistulosaon 40%, 70%, 96% ethyl alcohol and water infusion of Monarda fistulosa against clinical strains mucoviscidosis: Burkholderia cenocepacia ST 208, Burkholderia multivorans, Pseudomonas aeruginosa. As a result of microbiological analysis, the bacteriostatic activity of tincture of Monarda fistulosa on 70% ethyl alcohol was detected against Burkholderia cenocepacia ST208 and Burkholderia multivorans at a dilution of 1:32, that is exceed the activity of ethyl alcohol of the twice over. The tincture of Monarda fistulosa on 96% ethyl alcohol has a bactericidal effect against Burkholderia multivorans (strain 139) and bacteriostatic against Burkholderia cenocepacia ST 208 (strain 105), when is diluted 16 times; the lack of growth of this strain is observed at a dilution of 8 times. The water infusion of Monarda fistulosa most active against the strain 136 (Burkholderia cenocepacia ST 208).

Relevance of work. Thanks to clonal micro-reproduction, it became possible to preserve endangered medicinal plants by genetic banks in vitro. Obtained in the shortest possible time regenerative plants, genetically identical to the original intact plant, can be considered as potential sources of secondary metabolites-valuable biologically active substances widely used in the pharmaceutical industry. The aim of our study was to study the effect of the hormonal composition of the nutrient medium on the microclonal reproduction of plants Dioscorea nipponica Makino, as well as on the formation and localization of phenolic compounds in plant regenerants multiplied in vitro. Material and Methods. The object of the study was intact plants Dioscorea nipponica Makino and microclones derived from them. For the induction of the formation of axillary shoots, adventitious buds and microtubers primary explants were cultured on a nutrient medium containing mineral salts according to the recipe of Murashige and Skoog and various substances with cytokinin and auxin activity at a temperature of 24 С and 16-hour photoperiod. For rooting micropolygon used a modified containing Ъ norms macrosoma, 20 g/l sucrose, 7 g/l agar and IAA at a concentration of 1 mg/L. Adaptation of plants held in containers containing proantocianidinas substrate. The content of soluble phenolic compounds (with Folin-Denis reagent), flavans (with vanillin reagent) and flavonols (with aluminum chloride) was determined by spectrophotometric method in alcohol plant extracts. Localization of polyphenols was determined by histochemical methods (0.08% fast Blue reagent raster, reaction with vanillin reagent in hydrochloric acid vapor). Results. The resulting microclone medicinal plants with a high biosynthetic capacity to the formation of polyphenols (flavanol and fla-vanols), was characterized by intense growth, the formation of a powerful biomass and adventitious roots. Flavans were major components of the phenolic complex of regenerating plants. The species-specific ability to synthesize phenolic compounds is preserved in vitro. And in the education of bioflavonoids observed organospecificity, which, in a less pronounced degree, is preserved in vitro. It was revealed that the intensity of staining of tissues of microclones was slightly lower, which is consistent with the data on the quantitative content of polyphenols in them. Synthetic growth regulators with cytokinin activity (especially the drug Dropp), have a bright stimulating effect not only on the process of clonal micropropagation, but also on the biosynthetic activity against substances of phenolic nature. Biochemical data are confirmed by histochemical studies.