Kinetic parameters of the change of optical properties of the gingiva under immersion in glycerol: ex vivo research


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Abstract

Introduction. The oral cavity is the beginning of the human digestive system and the presence of pathological changes in it: a shift in the dynamic balance, composition, and types of microorganisms inhabiting the oral cavity; color change; the appearance of pain and discomfort; etc., all this may indicate pathological changes in other body systems. The accuracy and safety of non-invasive diagnostics at the cellular and subcellular levels is ensured by modern optical systems. However, optical radiation has difficulty in transporting probe radiation deep into biological tissues due to significant scattering of radiation in the visible and near-infrared spectral ranges. It is possible to increase the penetration of radiation using the method of optical clearing. The aim of the study. To evaluate the effectiveness of optical enlightenment of tissues of attached pig gingiva after full immersion in 87.5% glycerol, and also to determine its diffusion coefficient and degree of tortuosity (porosity) of pig gingival tissue. Methods. The diffuse reflection and total transmission spectra were recorded on a Shimadzu UV-2550 spectrophotometer with an integrating sphere. The completion of the immersion process was evaluated by stopping the change in the diffuse reflection spectra. To assess the kinetics of the optical clearing process, the diffusion coefficient of glycerol into the gingival tissue was calculated using the free diffusion model. The effectiveness of «optical clearing» was evaluated using experimental data on the spectra of the complete transmission. Results. On average, the ex-vivo diffusion coefficient of glycerol in pig gingival tissue was (3.2±().7)'W6 cm2/s. The tortuosity (porosity) for the layer of the own gingival plate is estimated as S&3.4. Highest efficiency optical clearing is achieved at a wavelength of200 nm and amounts to 1860%, with sufficiently small absolute transmittance values. Conclusion. Three dynamic transparency windows have been identified in the UV range of the spectrum, with gingival immersion in 87.5% glycerol, from 200 to 250 nm, from 250 to 300 nm and from 300 to 400 nm. This can be used to develop non-invasive optical diagnostic and therapeutic methods and needs further study.

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About the authors

Alexey Andreevich Selifonov

Saratov State University; Saratov State Medical University

Email: selif-ei@yandex.ru
Post-graduate student of the Department of Optics and Biophotonics

Valery Viktorovich Tuchin

Saratov State University; Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Research Center of Biotechnology of the RAS; Tomsk State University; Institute of Precision Mechanics and Control of the RAS

Email: tuchinvv@mail.ru
Head Department of Optics and Biophotonics

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