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No 6 (2004)

Articles

Prevalence of essential urological diseases among rural population

Arustamov D.L., Nurullaev R.В.

Abstract

A retrospective one-stage epidemiological trial was made to investigate prevalence of urinary infections (UI), urolithiasis (UL) and benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) among rural population, to reveal latent or initial stages of these diseases and to specify preventive policy. 2330 rural one-year-olds and older children (n = 345, 14.8%) were covered by a screening examination forbacteriuria, leukocyturia, crystaluria and symptoms of the lower urinary tract caused by benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). UI, UL, BPH were detected in 7.0% (70:1000), 17.9% (179:1000) and 17.3% (173:1000), respectively. UI and UL ran a latent course. The former needed an antibacterial preventive therapy, the latter - prophylaxis of primary lithogenesis. Alpha-adrenoblockers were indicated for BPH patients. All the necessary therapeutic and prophylactic measures can be realized outpatiently by general practitioners
Urologiia. 2004;(6):3-6
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Extracorporeal lithotripsy: anew approach to improving efficacy and objective assessment

Dzeranov N.K., Moskalenko S.A.

Abstract

Clinical trials of the generator EMSE 220F XXP were conducted on the lithotriptor Dornie C" in the Research Institute of Urology from September 2203 to January 2004. Extracorporeal lithotripsy (ECL) was made in 158 patients (66 women and 92 men, age 11-89 years) with different clinical forms of nephrolithiasis. The analysis of nephrolith fragmentation showed high disintegration power of the generator in all nephrolithiasis forms (97.4%). Maximal energy intensity in ECL of nephrolithis was under 7 units, of ureterolithis - 10 units. The number of additional sessions averaged 11.4% , mean Edose was 49.2 J. Complications of early postoperative period was detected in 4 (2.5%) patients. In two of them (1.3%) subcapsular hematomas 180 cm3 in size were detected. The other two patients developed exacerbation of pyelonephritis early after operation. It was managed conservatively. Thus, EMSE 220F-XXP is a novel, highly effective source of generation of shock-wave impulses providing finely divided fragmentation of uroliths in 97.4% cases. A mean Edose 49.2 J effectively destructs urinary concrements of any location with a minimal risk of postoperative complications. Maximal intensity regimes should be used carefully with consideration of a high risk of traumatic complications
Urologiia. 2004;(6):6-9
pages 6-9 views

Pathogenetic criteria of nephroptosis

Tatevosyan A.S., Tonyan A.G., Khalafyan A.A., Opolsky А.В., Scherbina I.I., Tatevosyan A.A., Ulianov V.A., Sultanov K.G.

Abstract

The aim of the study was to specify treatment policy in nephroptosis on the basis of characteristics of the onset, development and course of the disease. A total of 83 patients with nephroptosis were examined. The rotation angles of the kidney were summed using standard excretory urograms in clino- and orthostasis. Radionuclide nephroscintigraphy, rheorenography were made in 72 patients. Statistical processing employed correlation, cluster, discriminant analysis of the program Statistica. The method of estimation of the angles of rotation of the movable kidney in three planes was introduced. Grouping of patients by the sum of the rotation angles appeared more precise in reflecting disorders of intraorganic circulation in the kidney than skeletotopic distribution by the nephroptosis degree. Standard excretory urograms allow determination of the sum of the angle of rotation of the movable kidney and, finally, adequate conservative or surgical treatment method. Surgery can correct disorders of intraoring ganic blood flow by creating physiological position for the kidney raisto the due level and eliminating rotation.
Urologiia. 2004;(6):9-16
pages 9-16 views

The role of present-day aminoglycosides in urological practice

Derevyanko I.I.
Urologiia. 2004;(6):16-19
pages 16-19 views

The rate and location of thepositive surgical margin and its role in predicting recurrence of prostatic cancer

Veliev E.I., Petrov S.В., Loran О.В.

Abstract

To estimate the rate of positive surgical margin (SM) in radical retropubic prostatectomy and its role in emergence of prostatic cancer (PC) recurrence, we operated 216 PC patients aged 41 to 73 years. Most of the patients had clinical stages T2a,b (41.8%) or T3a (35.6%). Stages Tl and T3b were in 18.7 and 3.9% patients, respectively .A positive SM was Г registered in 68 of 193 patients (35.2%). Thirty six (52.9%) patients had a focal (solitary or short) SM, thirty two (47.1%) had a long SM. The recurrence occurred in 31 (16.1%) patients who, as a rule, had long SM. Recurrence-free one-year survival in 104 patients who had no SM reached 82%, in 34 patients with focal SM (group 2) it was 83%. Such three-year survival in group 1 and 2 was 75 and 73.6%, respectively. Thus, recurrence-free survival in organ-limited process and short SM differed little within 3 years. The period between 12 and 24 months of follow-up is most risky in relation to detection of recurrence in short SM. The group of patients with long SM had maximal number of recurrences.
Urologiia. 2004;(6):19-21
pages 19-21 views

Intraprostatic injection of 96% ethanol in animal experiment

Martov L.G., Pavlov D.A., Kirpatovsky V.I., Kudryavtsev Y.V.

Abstract

Transurethral intraprostatic injection of ethanol (HE) is a new low-invasive method in the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). We made dog and rat experiments to prove safety and efficacy of HE. The experiment was made on 10 rats and 10 dogs injected transurethrally (Prostaject device) with 96% ethyl alcohol in 10% volume of estimated volume of the prostate. The injection was followed by measurement of blood alcohol, the test for hemolysis. Transurethral ultrasound control of prostate size 1, 3 and 6 months after the injection and histological examinations 1, 3, 7, 14 days and 1, 3 and 6 months after the injection were made. It was found that blood alcohol after the above injection was not elevated. Necrosis was documented in all the cases but subsequently the necrotic site was replaced with sclerotic tissue. The necrosis involved only the prostatic capsule. The size of the prostate diminished by 29%. Thus, transurethral injection of ethyl alcohol (10% of prostate size) is safe and effective in achievement of prostatic gland ablation. Therefore, clinical trials of the method in patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia are justified
Urologiia. 2004;(6):21-26
pages 21-26 views

INTRAVESICAL IONOPHORESIS OF MEDICINES (ANEXPERIMENTAL STUDY)

Pushkar D.Y., Korsunskaya I.L., Tevlin K.P.

Abstract

The depth of drug penetration into the wall of the urinary bladder in intravesical ionophoresis (IVIP), IVIP influence on functional condition of the lower urinary tracts were studied on 15 female dogs. Functional condition of the lower urinary tracts was characterized by pressure in the urinary bladder, "volume-pressure" index, bioelectric activity of the urethra. The pressure was registered by electromanometry. Bioelectric activity of the urethra was studied with electromyography and tetrapolar rheography. The above indices were registered synchroneously on a multichannel recorder. Intraoperative cystomanometry was made in 7 tyopental narcotized animals. Samples of blood and vesicular tissue were taken for immunofluorescent study before and after IVIP. Medicines were accumulated best in mucous and submucous layers (0.03910.0012 and 0.0338±0.0050 mcm/mg tissue, respectively). After IVIP intravesical pressure was, on the average, lower in the same filling volumes as before IVIP. A mean amplitude of spontaneous fluctuations of pressure in the urinary bladder in its filling after IVIP was also lower than the baseline. After IVIP, pressure in the urinary bladder in voiding was much lower than before the procedure, maximal capacity of the urinary bladder and elasticity of the wall increased. Bioelectrical activity of the urethral wall was registered in the same mean pressure and capacity as before IVIP. Intensity of micturition after IVIP course decreased both at rest and in diuretic load with lasix. Time to micturition was increased with an increase in the number of procedures of IVIP. Thus, the experimental study showed pathogenetic validity of intravesical ionophoresis of medicines in the treatment of chronic recurrent cystitis
Urologiia. 2004;(6):26-30
pages 26-30 views

Injuries of the urinary bladder.Policy and treatment results

Dovlatyan A.A., Cherkasov Y.V.

Abstract

A retrospective analysis of 87 cases of isolated traumas and multitraumas of the urinary bladder treated in 1986-2002 covered 69 men and 18 women aged 21-79 years. Young and middle-aged patients (20-50 year olds) prevailed. Isolated traumas of the bladder were diagnosed in 52 patients (4 extra- and 48 intraperitoneal trauma), 35 patients had multitraumas (7 extra- and 28 intraperitoneal trauma). Isolated traumas were most frequently caused by beating (79.4%), multitraumas - by road accidents (79.2%). Examination included catheterization of the bladder, ultrasonic investigation, x-ray contrast studies, laparocentesis, laparoscopy. Injury of the bladder combined with fractures of skeletal bones, craniocerebral trauma, abdominal injuries. Surgery was made in 86 cases, bladder drainage was made by cystostomy, transurethral drain was conducted in 17 patients. Bladder surgery was combined with abdominal operations in 14 patients. Three operations were delayed. Out of 87 patients 67 was cured. 20 (23%) patients died. Lethal outcomes were mostly due to progression of traumatic shock.
Urologiia. 2004;(6):30-34
pages 30-34 views

Male infertility treatment using КАП-ЭЛМ-01 "Андро-Гин" complex

Pavlov V.N., Galimzyanov V., Gromenko D.S., Magadeev R.R.
Urologiia. 2004;(6):34-37
pages 34-37 views

Fluorescent cystoscopyand transurethral electroresection in diagnosis and treatment ofpatients with invasive cancer of the urinary bladder

Komyakov B.K., Gorelov S.I., Novikov A.I., Gorelov A.I., Novikov P.В., Strokova L.A., El-Atar T.

Abstract

From 1996 to 2002 we examined and treated 224 patients with invasive cancer of the urinary bladder (ICUB). The examination complex included clinical, laboratory, radiation tests, endoscopic and morphological investigations of the surgical material. The patients received four types of treatment: transurethral resection (TUR) of the bladder wall (n = 102) alone; TUR+MVAC chemotherapy (n = 56); open resection of the urinary bladder only (n = 38); open resection+MVAC chemotherapy (n = 28). In diagnosis of papillary lesions sensitivity of cystoscopy (CS) was 66.6%, fluorescent CS (FCS) -95.2%. Sensitivity in diagnosis of squamous tumors was 33.3 and 91.6%, respectively. The best results were achieved in patients with pT2A tumor invasion depth, Gl differentiation of tumor cells after TUR with adjuvant polychemotherapy (PCT) recurrences in these patients arose by 41.2% less frequently than in patients after TUR only, 5-year survival in patients after TUR+PCT was 83.3%. Thus, FCS improves diagnosis of urinary bladder tumors (sensitivity of CS was 70.0% vs that of FCS - 95.0%). In cancer of the urinary bladder the organ can be saved only at stage pT2Gl. A method of choice is TUR of the bladder wall with adjuvant PCT. Key words: cancer of the urinary bladder, fluorescent cystoscopy, transurethral electroresection of the urinary bladder, open resection of the urinary bladder
Urologiia. 2004;(6):37-40
pages 37-40 views

Optimization of endosurgical treatment of womenwith urinary stress incontinence

Podoluzhny V.I., Rybnikov S.V., Artamonov V.A., Chunarev V.F.

Abstract

Stress urine incontinence was treated in 79 women with Burch laparoscopic colposuspension, 75 (94.9%) of them had chronic urinary infection. 42 females of group 1 received postoperative extracorporeal hemocorrection, 37 females of group 2 received conventional postoperative therapy. In group 1 the treatment reduced leukocyturia, bacteriuria was detected in 9 (21.4%) patients, recurrent incontinence occurred in 2 (5.9%) women. In group 2 leukocyturia enhanced, bacteriuria and incontinence recurrence were observed in 23 (62.2%) and 8 (23.5%) patients, respectively. The results of the study show that combined use of laparoscopic colposuspension by Burch and extracorporeal hemocorrection improves the results of the treatment of stress urine incontinence
Urologiia. 2004;(6):40-44
pages 40-44 views

A case of pigment metabolism disturbance in differential diagnosis of urological diseases

Alexandrov V.P., Shishkov A.L., Rogutsky A.L., Bernikov A.V., Gogsadze G.A.
Urologiia. 2004;(6):44-45
pages 44-45 views

Primary extraperitoneal scrotoinguinal hernia of the bladder

Bakhyshov A.A., Mamedov R.N.
Urologiia. 2004;(6):45-47
pages 45-47 views
pages 47-49 views

Updated treatment of prostaticcancer stage T3N0M0 (part II)

Loran О.В., Tomkevich B.A.
Urologiia. 2004;(6):49-53
pages 49-53 views
pages 53-57 views

Duloxetin - a new tool in pharmacotherapy of urinary incontinence in women

Mazo E.В., Iremashvili V.V.

Abstract

Urinary incontinence (UI) is represented clinically by stress, urgent, mixed forms. Until recently, effective pharmacological treatment of stress UI was absent. Now, attempts are made to try duloxetin to raise efficacy of conservative treatment and quality of life in patients with stress and mixed UI. A large, double blind, placebo-controlled, randomized phase II trial provided data on efficacy of duloxetin in the treatment of stress and mixed UI in women. Duloxetin led to a decrease in the number of incontinence episodes, a rise in quality of life. It was rather effective in severe UI. Phase III trial of duloxetin in a dose 80 mg/day reduced the number of incontinence episodes by 50% in most of the patients and in some of them cured the patients.
Urologiia. 2004;(6):57-60
pages 57-60 views

Recollection

Mebel M.E.
Urologiia. 2004;(6):60-62
pages 60-62 views

O. L. Tiktinsky, N. O. Tiktinsky.Urogenital traumas

Chepurov A.N., Meshkov V.V.
Urologiia. 2004;(6):62-64
pages 62-64 views

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