Methods for Measuring Return Loss in Fiber Optic Lines and Components

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Abstract

This article discusses 3 methods for measuring of optic return loss (ORL) in fiber optic systems being used in modern measuring instruments: continuous wave method (CW), time domain reflectometry (OTDR) and frequency domain reflectometry (OFDR). The authors perform a comparative analysis of these methods, and consider the advantages and limitations of these methods.

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About the authors

S. B. Bychkov

Federal State Budgetary Institution “All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of Optical and Physical Measurements” (FGBU “VNIIOFI”)

Author for correspondence.
Email: photonics@technosphera.ru
ORCID iD: 0009-0000-5118-6368

junior research scientist

Russian Federation, Moscow

A. O. Pogonyshev

Federal State Budgetary Institution “All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of Optical and Physical Measurements” (FGBU “VNIIOFI”)

Email: photonics@technosphera.ru

junior research scientist

Russian Federation, Moscow

S. V. Tikhomirov

Federal State Budgetary Institution “All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of Optical and Physical Measurements” (FGBU “VNIIOFI”)

Email: photonics@technosphera.ru

Dr. of Science (Eng.), postgraduate teacher

Russian Federation, Moscow

V. R. Sumkin

LLC “Research and Development Enterprise “Measuring Communication Technology” (“Izmeritelnaya Tekhnika Svyazi”) (NPP “ITS”)

Email: photonics@technosphera.ru

general director

Russian Federation, Saint-Petersburg

References

  1. Listvin A. V., Listvin V. N. Fiber optics reflectometry. Moscow. 2005; IBSN 5-902367-03-04. (In Russ.) Листвин А. В., Листвин В. Н. Рефлектометрия оптических волокон. - Москва, ЛЕСАРТ, 2005. 208 c; IBSN 5-902367-03-04.
  2. Soller B. J., Gifford D. K., Wolfe M. S., Froggatt M. E. Optical Backscatter Reflectometry (OBR). Photonics Russia. 2019;13(5): 452-461; doi: 10.22184/FRos.2019.13.5.452.460.
  3. Soller B. J., Gifford D. K., Wolfe M. S., Froggatt M. E. High resolution optical frequency domain reflectometry for characterization of components and assemblies. Opt. Exp. 2005; 13(5): 666-674. doi: 10.1364/OPEX.13.000666.
  4. Grigoriev V. V., Kravtsov V. E., Mityurev A. K., Naumenko E. A., Pogonyshev A. O., Savkin K. B., Tikhomirov S. V. Methods of calibration of high-resolution optical reflectometers operating in the frequency domain. Izmeritel’naya Tekhnika. 2018; 9: 40-43. (In Russ.) Григорьев В. В., Кравцов В. Е., Митюрев А. К., Мороз Е. А., Погонышев А. О., Савкин К. Б. Методы калибровки оптических рефлектометров высокого разрешения, работающих в частотной области. Измерительная техника. 2018; 9: 40-43. doi: 10.32446/0368-1025it-2018-9-40-43.

Supplementary files

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2. Fig. 1. Block diagram of a return loss meter operating using the continuous signal measurement method: LE – a stabilized source of continuous optical radiation, OPM – an optical power meter (optical wattmeter), SP – an optical splitter (splitter), FO-line – a section of a fiber-optic line on which it is required to measure reverse losses, M – mandrel, C – fiber optic connector connecting fibers in a line

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3. Fig. 2. Simplified structural diagram of the OTDR measuring device: LE – pulse laser emitter, PD – high-speed photodetector, SA – signal amplifier, ADC – high-speed analog-to-digital converter, DSP – digital signal processing device, SP – fiber-optic splitter

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4. Fig. 3. Structural diagram of the OFDR meter for distributed return loss in fiber-optic systems: TLE – wavelength-tunable highly coherent laser, SP1 – SP5 – fiber-optic PM splitters, C – fiber circulator, FPD – fiber polarization divider, PD1 – PD3 – high-speed photodetectors, ADC/DSP – digital signal processing device with high-speed ADC, FOC –fiber optical coil, FO-line – fiber-optic line under study

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Copyright (c) 2024 Bychkov S.B., Pogonyshev A.O., Tikhomirov S.V., Sumkin V.R.