Single Photon Sources. Review Part 4

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Abstract

This review discusses various development methods for the single-photon sources (SPS).Earlier, the first part of the review (Photonics Russia. 2024; 18(5): 376–396) has discussed the requirements for single-photon sources and their characteristic criteria, and described the single-photon sources based on the single ions and single atoms. The second part of the review (Photonics Russia. 2024; 18(8): 610–620) has considered the SPSs based on the quantum dots and on the color centers in crystals. The third part (Photonics Russia. 2025; 19(1): 28–38) has considered the single-photon sources based on the carbon nanotubes and defects in them (defect engineering in nanotubes), on the nanocrystals and layered nanocrystals. The final section examines the single-photon sources on the collective states in the ensemble systems, on the single molecules and metal ions in a polymer matrix, as well as the sources on nonlinear crystals.

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About the authors

Vladimir G. Krishtop

JSC “InfoTeСS”; Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology (MIPT); Institute of Microelectronics Technology and High Purity Materials RAS

Author for correspondence.
Email: vladimir.krishtop@infotecs.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0001-6063-2657

Cand. of Sciences (Phys.&Math.)

Russian Federation, Moscow; Dolgoprudny, Moscow region; Chernogolovka, Moscow region

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2. Fig. 23. Ensemble diagram of a single-photon emitter

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3. Fig. 24. Chemical structures of the most important molecules in the quantum technologies. Molecular structures of single molecules emitting the single photons [194]

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4. Fig. 25. Chemical structure of polyphthalocyanines. Metal atoms are shown in red, the unit cell is highlighted by a dotted square [202]

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5. Fig. 26. Demonstration of the SPDC effect: →kp, →ks, →ki – wave-number vectors of pumping photons, signal waves, idler waves, respectively, θp – inclination angle of the crystal optical axis to the pumping wave, θs, θi – deviation angles of the signal and idler waves from the pumping wave [211]

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6. Fig. 27. Energy level diagram for a non-degenerate four-wave mixing process. The top energy level can be a real atomic or molecular level (resonant four-wave mixing) or a virtual level, far detuned off-resonance. This diagram describes the four-wave mixing interaction between frequencies f1, f2, f3 and f4

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