编号 18 (2011)

Goodpasture's syndrome (GS) is a combination of severe acute hemorrhagic alveolitis with severe respiratory failure and malignant glomerulonephritis. Data on the etiology, pathogenesis, clinical presentation, diagnosis and treatment of GS are presented. It is emphasized that GS remains disease with largely unfavorable outcome in most cases. However, the expansion of representations of its pathogenesis allows to discuss the development and introduction of new targeted therapies; in future, evidences of their effectiveness in GS should allow their application in other variants of pulmonary-renal syndrome, especially when the patient has malignant glomerulonephritis.

The article is dedicated to the features of the development and course of pulmonary dust diseases, which occupy a significant place in the overall structure of occupational diseases. Clinical picture, diagnosis, treatment and prevention of silicosis, asbestosis, anthracosis, talcosis, metalloconioses are described. It is emphasized that the specific pathogenetic therapy of pneumoconiosis does not exist. Treatment of patients is aimed to the reducing of inflammation in the lung tissue, improving of drainage function of bronchi and elimination of dust particles.

For many years, pyoinflammatory diseases of the maxillofacial area remains the most difficult and topical issue of surgical dentistry. The number of patients with severe and extensive processes has no tendency to decline, despite the considerable arsenal of antimicrobial agents. The issues of clinical forms, the etiologic structure of causative agents, and choice of tactical decisions of therapy are considered, particularly the feasibility and the adequacy of empirical antibiotic therapy as an essential component after the surgery.

The article is dedicated to the features of the articular syndrome in various forms of sarcoidosis. The differential diagnosis of sarcoid arthritis and other diseases such as osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, gout, and others, is discussed. It is emphasized that the spontaneous remission of acute sarcoidosis occurs in majority of patients, but in some cases, administration of corticosteroids and aminoquinolines is justified.

The article is concerned with current approaches to treatment of diseases of the upper respiratory tract. The problems of biofilms and the associated difficulties of treatment, and growth of microbial resistance, leading to a trend in the use of topical therapy, are discussed. The topical antimicrobial agents aimed to the treatment of inflammatory diseases of the throat, usually consists of one or more of the antiseptic agents (chlorhexidine, hexetidine, benzydamine, thymol and its derivatives, alcohol, iodine, etc.), antibiotics (fusafungine, framycetin, polymyxin B), often in combination with local anesthetics (lidocaine, tetracaine, menthol), hemostatics and deodorizing agents, and less frequently - with corticosteroids. The composition of these drugs may also include natural antiseptics (plant extracts, bee products), synthesized factors of nonspecific protection of the mucous membrane, which have antiviral activity (lysozyme, interferon), and vitamins (ascorbic acid). In cases of antibiotic-resistant pathogens, the use of complex bacteriophages, such as Sextaphag, with high specific lytic activity and ability to eliminate pathogens of purulent-inflammatory processes of different localization, can be recommended.

Structure of pharmacotherapy of acutu obstructive bronchitis beside children in conditions of hospital is studied. Actual costs of hospital is determined on medicaments of different pharmacological groups. Events of irrational purpose of drugs are revealled. Changes of the expenseses of hospital are evaluated on medicinal preparations with provision for parmacoeconomic studies.

The article discusses the main issues of providing the safety use of combination therapy with paracetamol in the treatment of acute respiratory diseases in children and adults. The main risk groups for development of complications are presented; current recommendations for doctors and patients, as proposed by the U.S. FDA, are described. The risks of hepatotoxic reactions, the possibility of their prevention and treatment are considered in detail.