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Volume 14, Nº 4 (2024)

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Articles

Capture and Recovery of Volatile Organic Compounds Vapors Using Membrane Technology

Novitsky E., Tokarev P., Matveeva Y., Volkov V., Grushevenko E.

Resumo

The problem of separation and recovery of volatile organic compounds (VOC) vapors is important both from the point of view of reducing the negative anthropogenic impact on the environment and from the point of view of resource conservation. The main classes of VOCs are, first of all, aliphatic, aromatic and oxygen-containing hydrocarbons. A significant source of VOC emissions of various natures are waste gas process flows (or off-gases) of petrochemical industries (polymerization processes, hydrotreating, isomerization, dehydrogenation, etc.). The capture and recovery of VOC vapors is implemented mainly using recovery technology and decomposition technology.

This review is devoted to a brief overview of modern technologies for the removal and recovery of VOCs from vapor-gas mixtures. The technology of membrane separation of vapor-gas mixtures, including promising membrane materials, is considered in detail. This technology allows for the selective separation of VOCs, and the purified main gas flow can be returned to the production cycle, if necessary, without additional preparation.

Membrany i membrannye tehnologii. 2024;14(4):249-262
pages 249-262 views

Composite Solid Electrolytes

Matveev E.

Resumo

The review describes composite electrolytes based on classical salt matrix phases, and also shows the possibilities of creating composites using simple or complex oxide matrices, where simple substances, salts, simple and complex oxides are used as heterogeneous dopant. The magnitude of the composite effect of electrical conductivity is discussed from the point of view of various theories of its quantitative description. The reasons for the occurrence of the composite effect are summarized. The effect of increasing ionic conductivity is due to the disorder of the surface layer in the intergranular space, amorphization or spreading of the matrix phase or the phase of heterogeneous dopant over the surface of the other phase due to the difference in surface energy, as well as the possibility of joint manifestation of these effects when using complex oxide eutectic composites with treatment above the temperature of the eutectic system.

Membrany i membrannye tehnologii. 2024;14(4):263-275
pages 263-275 views

Inion Sulfocation Membranes Plasticized with Propylene Carbonate

Kayumov R., Lochina A., Lapshin A., Bakirov A., Shmygleva L.

Resumo

The rapidly developing field of portable energy sources requires the search and development of effective materials for such devices. To improve the safety of the most common metal-ion batteries (lithium- and sodium-ion), instead of a liquid electrolyte, it is proposed to use a gel-polymer electrolyte with unipolar conductivity based on a Nafion-like electrolyte (Inion), plasticized with aprotic solvents. The work presents the results of a study of the thermal stability, molecular structure and supramolecular packing, as well as ionic conductivity of the Inion membrane in lithium and sodium forms, plasticized with propylene carbonate, using methods of simultaneous thermal analysis, IR spectroscopy, small-angle X-ray scattering and impedance spectroscopy.

Membrany i membrannye tehnologii. 2024;14(4):276-287
pages 276-287 views

Li3-2xNbxCr2-x(PO4)3 Complex Phosphates with the Nasicon Structure: Synthesis and lon Conductivity

Novikova S., Yaroslavtsev A.

Resumo

One of the main trends in the development of metal-ion batteries is the transition to lithium anodes, the safe use of which is impossible without replacing liquid membranes with solid membranes, primarily inorganic ones. Lithium-niobium-chromium phosphates with calculated compositions Li3–2xNbxCr2–x(PO4)3 (x = 0.95, 1.00, 1.05) were obtained by solid-state synthesis and characterized by XRD analysis and impedance spectroscopy. The obtained complex lithium-niobium-chromium phosphates with the NASICON structure crystallize in hexagonal modification. The lattice parameters of the synthesized materials decrease with increasing chromium content. The material of composition Li1.1Nb0.95Cr1.05(PO4)3 (3.10–5 S/cm at 25 °C) possesses the highest ionic conductivity and the lowest activation energy, which indicates a greater mobility of lithium ions by the interstitial mechanism even in the region of its own disorderliness.

Membrany i membrannye tehnologii. 2024;14(4):288-294
pages 288-294 views

Formation and investigation of properties of composite gel-polymer electrolytes based on Nafion@ZrO2 membrane in Li+ form

Voropaeva D., Pyataeva Y., Yaroslavtsev A.

Resumo

The use of cation-exchange membranes as polymer electrolytes in lithium metal batteries can inhibit dendrite formation during battery operation. Solvation of the membranes leads to an increase in ionic conductivity, but the mechanical properties, which also affect dendrite growth, are significantly degraded. In the present work, the mechanical strength and volumetric stability of Nafion®-117 membranes in Li+⁺ form solvated by a mixture of ethylene carbonate and propylene carbonate were improved by introducing nanosized zirconium dioxide particles into the membrane matrix by in situ method. It is shown that the introduction of 3.8 wt.% ZrO₂ leads to a ~28-fold increase in Young’s modulus compared to the unmodified membrane. At the same time, the volumetric stability of the membranes during solvation increases by ~3.4 times. However, the ionic conductivity of the membranes decreases after the introduction of dopant and is 3∙10⁴, 5∙10⁶ and 2.7∙10⁶ S/cm at 25°C for the membrane without dopant and containing 3.8 wt.% and 6.7 wt.% zirconium dioxide, respectively.

Membrany i membrannye tehnologii. 2024;14(4):295-301
pages 295-301 views

Removal of Acid Gases from Methane-Containing Gas Mixtures by Membrane-Assisted Gas Absorption. Hollow-Fibre Module Configuration with Absorption System Based on Dimethyldiethanolammonium Glycinate

Atlaskina M., Atlaskin A., Petukhov A., Smorodin K., Kryuchkov S., Vorotyntsev I.

Resumo

The present study is focused on continuing the development, improvement and optimisation of a new hybrid separation method – membrane-assisted gas absorption, which is designed for processing methane-containing gas mixtures, namely for the removal of acid gases. The second part is devoted to the design of absorbent solutions and their application in the proposed technology in order to improve the efficiency of acid gas removal and reduce hydrocarbon losses. Absorbents of acid gases based on aqueous solutions of methyldiethanolamine containing ionic liquid [M2E2A][Gly] have been proposed and investigated. As a result of the study, the optimal absorbent composition for further separation tests in a membrane-assisted gas absorption unit was determined. The efficiency of the process was investigated on the example of 8-component gas mixture containing methane, ethane, propane, n-butane, nitrogen, carbon dioxide, hydrogen sulfide and xenon. The membrane-assisted gas absorption unit demonstrated high efficiency of acid gas removal and high hydrocarbon recovery. The final efficiency of the investigated system with the new absorbent was up to 99 % for acid gas removal with hydrocarbon losses of up to 1 % at maximum capacity.

Membrany i membrannye tehnologii. 2024;14(4):302-316
pages 302-316 views

Characteristics of Aliphitic and Aromatic Ion-Exchange Membranes after Electrodialysis Tartrate Stabilization of Wine Materials

Pasechnaya E., Ponomar M., Klevtsova A., Korshunova A., Sarapulova V., Pismenskaya N.

Resumo

Color indication of anthocyanins, FTIR spectroscopy, measurement of surface contact angle values, determination of specific electrical conductivity, as well as voltammetry and parallel measurement of pH of desalted solutions were used to analyze the fouling characteristics of aliphatic (CJMA-3, CJMC-3) and aromatic (AMX-Sb, CMX-Sb) ion-exchange membranes used in electrodialysis tartrate stabilization of wine material. It has been shown that polyphenols form complexes with metal ions on the surface and in the subsurface layers of cation-exchange membranes, which do not interfere with the transfer of cations. Foulants affect the magnitude of limiting currents and enhance water splitting at the surface of all studied membranes, and also reduce the electrical conductivity of anion-exchange membranes. The use of a pulsed electric field instead of a continuous direct electric current, traditional for electrodialysis, weakens the negative impact of foulants on membranes’ electrical conductivity. These data can be useful for selecting membranes and current modes when carrying out electrodialysis tartrate stabilization of wine materials.

Membrany i membrannye tehnologii. 2024;14(4):317-332
pages 317-332 views

Experimental Characterization of Biodegradable Films Based on Modified Starch and Chitosan

Zarubin D., Kachalova E., Salomatina E., Smirnova O., Smirnova L., Abarbanel N., Petukhov A., Vorotyntsev A.

Resumo

Gas transport and physico-mechanical properties of synthesized films based on modified starch and chitosan have been studied. The values of the permeability coefficients of pure gases included in the air for films based on modified chitosan and a copolymer based on modified starch and chitosan at a temperature of 23°C were determined. The oxygen permeability coefficient of the synthesized copolymer was compared with other polymers. A copolymer based on modified starch and chitosan was found to have medium oxygen barrier properties. The biodegradability of the samples under the action of the micromycete Aspergillus niger was studied by analyzing the degradation products by chromatography-mass spectrometry. The total biodegradation time of the samples was 4 weeks. These films are promising for use as packaging material.

Membrany i membrannye tehnologii. 2024;14(4):333-342
pages 333-342 views