Volume 12, Nº 3 (2022)

The article is a summary of the author’s report on May 19, 2022 at the round table “Russia and the World: between East and West” within the framework of the permanent seminar “Global Factors of Modern Public Policy” organized by the Departments of Public Policy and Russian Politics of the Faculty of Political Science of Lomonosov Moscow State University and the Academy of Political Science. The various interpretations of the concept of civilization in the scientific literature are analyzed, the conclusion is substantiated that it is necessary to combine the principles and mechanisms of interaction of the immutable logic of the general historical imperatives and the requirements of the domestic political tradition. The task of developing a socio-political theory of space, characteristics and features of the civilizational path of Russia is identified as urgent priorities.

This article discusses the issue related to social risks arising in the process of using digital financial technologies. The author has studied the essence of the concept of social risk and its main determinants. In addition, the key characteristics of the digitalization process, in particular in the financial sector, were described. The author studied the issue related to the trends in the development of digitalization in Russia, based on the social features of this phenomenon. An important place in this work is devoted to analyzing the impact of social risks at the current stage of digitalization development in Russia. In this aspect, the mechanism for assessing the social risks of digitalization from the position of representatives of society was also described. In the final part of this work, recommendations are given to reduce the existing social risks of digitalization, and the importance of taking measures to reduce the risk of the phenomenon under consideration is also noted.

Studying the issues of interaction between authorities and social and political groups there is a gap of understanding which values All-Russian organizations of disabled are guided in interaction with state authorities on the issues of social protection of the disabled. This article is devoted to answer this question by analyzing values of All-Russian Societies of Disabled, Blind, Deaf broadcasted in interaction with the state authorities on the level of collective actors. The study presented a methodology of values’ analysis. The array of data was collected, and a mixed analysis was carried out - content analysis of documents and a quantitative analysis of values indicators, and its visualization. The study traced dominance of “dominant” type of values on “minor” types that confirmed the results of World Value Survey on example of the conservative NGOs and state authorities’ interaction in Russian third sector. A mixed analysis of the values of representatives of All-Russian Societies of Disabled, Blind and Deaf in interaction with state authorities revealed that the existing values form the standard of norms, rules and practices that do not contribute to changing the model of interaction between All-Russian Societies of Disabled and state authorities, thereby persisting inertia in the institutes of interaction between the organizations and state authorities.

The presented work touches on problematic issues of digitalization of justice. Such technologies are gradually beginning to be actively used by the courts of the Russian Federation, which is becoming a new reality. However, such a reality holds both promising prospects and certain dangers, which requires the legislator to take a heralded approach to their implementation, especially in criminal proceedings. The author of the work notes the need for the introduction of digital technologies to preserve the civilizational values of judicial proceedings, so as not to return to deterministic ideas in the administration of justice.

The article considers the issues of constitutional regulation of judicial protection of the rights of citizens in the administrative process of the Federal Republic of Germany, presents the concept and meaning of subjective public law. It is noted, in particular, that subjective public law recognizes the citizen as a subject of law, gives him the right, in order to pursue their interests, to independently demand compliance with the law from the public authority, and thus determines the key way the legal relations that develop between the citizen and the state, ensuring their equality in court. The existence of subjective public right of a citizen is a necessary prerequisite for the admissibility of an administrative action.

Separatism is aimed at undermining the sovereignty and territorial integrity of the state. Separatist ideas are especially pronounced in the border areas. Geographic characteristics, the degree of economic development, the demographic picture of the regions and a number of other factors determine the uniqueness of each of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation. As an example, the authors consider the North Caucasus, which, by its characteristics and level of regional development, is one of the most problematic regions in terms of the development of ideas of extremism, terrorism and separatism. The ethno-confessional factor is one of the key reasons for the emergence of pockets of separatism in the regions of the North Caucasus Federal District, since in the conditions of a poly-religious and multi-ethnic society, any potentially significant conflict that had nothing to do with religion or national issues can develop into an ethno-confessional problem. The author comes to the conclusion that ethno-confessional conflicts in the conditions of the North Caucasus can quickly become the reason for the intensification of the development of separatist ideas.

The purpose of the research. The Russian part of the Saimaa Canal, which has been leased by the Republic of Finland since 1962, has international legal specificity due to the institution of interstate lease of territory. First of all, we are talking about the situation when a state, renting the territory of another state, would find it difficult to fully use it for its own purposes if its jurisdiction in this territory is not implemented in principle. Of course, due to the attributes of state sovereignty, it’s hardly possible to presume that on the territory of state part of its jurisdiction will be transferred to lessee state. However, the international legal basis for the lease of the mentioned territory, formalized by the Agreement between the Russian Federation and the Republic of Finland on the Lease by the Republic of Finland of the Russian Part of the Saimaa Canal and the Surrounding Area and the Order of Navigation through the Saimaa Canal (Lease Agreement) of 2010, confirms the implementation of the international legal presumption of the transfer of part of lessor state powers. The purpose of the research is to identify the limits of the permissible transfer of such powers, and how this may affect the ensuring of jurisdiction and sovereignty by the Russian Federation and the Republic of Finland. Results. The basis of the legal relations on the lease of the Russian part of the Saimaa Canal by the Republic of Finland is the partial transfer of powers in the leased territory from the Russian side to the Finnish side in accordance with Article 15 of the Lease Agreement of 2010. Largely due to such a partial transfer of authority legal relations regarding the lease of the mentioned territory have a long-term, successful character. The implementation of the presumption of the transfer of part of the powers in the legal relations between the Russian Federation and the Republic of Finland regarding the lease of the part of the Saimaa Canal does not entail a violation of the principles of the sovereign equality of states, respect for their sovereignty and non-interference in their internal affairs. In addition, the transfer of part of the Russian Federation powers to the Finnish side is based on extraterritoriality, which, on the one hand, allows the Republic of Finland to implement its legislation on the leased territory to legal relations in which its citizens are participants, on the other hand, it causes a partial restriction of powers of the Russian Federation on application of its legislation within the scope of exterritoriality. The implementation of the presumption of the transfer of part of jurisdictional powers in the mentioned interstate relations is based on the mutual benefit of the Russian Federation and the Republic of Finland, which is material.

The article considers the dynamics of Japan’s foreign policy towards China at the beginning of the millennium. Its study was the purpose of this article. Its achievement presupposed the solution of the corresponding tasks: consideration of Japan’s multilateral diplomacy in other countries, characterization of the economic policy of the Koizumi cabinet in China. On the basis of the analysis carried out, appropriate conclusions were drawn. Since becoming Prime Minister of Japan, Junichiro Koizumi has made significant changes to his China policy. On the one hand, Koizumi believes that China’s economic growth and internal stability play a positive role for the Japanese economy. On the other hand, he sees China as a rising power that threatens Japan’s external environment and at the same time shakes its dominance in Asia. During Koizumi’s rule, Sino-Japanese relations generally showed a deteriorating trend: he actively deepened economic exchanges with China, but at the same time took a tough stance towards China in the field of foreign policy and security. Koizumi’s repeated visits to the Yasukuni Shrine seriously damaged Sino-Japanese relations, leading to the suspension of high-level visits between China and Japan. And Sino-Japanese relations have deteriorated to their lowest point since 1972.

In the digital age, the issues of human spirituality are becoming more and more relevant. The universal principles of morality, the ideas of humanism should increasingly become guidelines for actions both for an individual and for the domestic and foreign policy of states. The religious and philosophical concept of S.L. Frank is of particular value and relevance, since it has developed deep systematic ideas about both the spiritual structure of the world and the inner structure of the human personality. The concept of “spiritual reality” has become one of the main ones in his system. The concepts of personal God, reality, and Self are connected with it. The purpose of this article is to reconstruct S.L. Frank’s religious and philosophical concept in its relation to the concept of “spiritual reality”. The article emphasizes the peculiarity of the philosopher’s doctrine of realism, its proximity to the platonic tradition of idealism. The article shows how such attitudes make it possible to formulate moral ideals, to defend high values. The article examines the structure of personality from the point of view of its relation to spiritual reality, when human subjectivity or the inner world goes beyond its limits into the spiritual world. The concept of “spiritual reality” is used by S.L. Frank to show the sublimity of the human being, his connection with the divine reality. The article concludes that this concept marks the boundary between the world of the Self and the real, objective world. The concept of “spiritual reality” denotes the meaning of life in its social and personal aspects, it correlates with personality and the world of spiritual values.