Sociopolitical Sciences

The study examines the current socio-political processes taking place in society. The author determines that the field of socio-cultural factors of politics acts as an object of managerial influence. At the same time, it is of no small importance that not only state authorities, but also other actors, both present within the socio-political system and those with an external relationship to it, act as subjects of regulation of socio-cultural processes. All this together determines the dynamic and versatile nature of sociocultural processes unfolding in society, including determining the dynamics of formation, actualization, manifestation, or overcoming of socio-political risks. The author concludes that socio-political risk management practices aimed at the field of sociocultural attitudes of society members presuppose, on the one hand, information and institutional support for the formation of constructive forms of worldview in the civil environment, on the other hand, ensuring the sociocultural foundations of society’s stability in relation to information risk factors, as well as active activities aimed at direct counteraction to negative information and communication processes.

The article examines the main provisions of the formation of the conceptual foundation of science of the third millennium. It is noted that in recent years there has been a change in the world order and the world order within the framework of the formation of the civilization of knowledge and risk. The authors state that the breakdown of the world order occurred as a result of the rapid development of information technology and the emergence of the intellectual sphere. Some provisions of the Concept of Public Safety related to building a society based on the existence and maintenance of a monopoly on knowledge with the simultaneous formation of clans consisting of many generations are given. Two main processes generated by the intelligence sphere are highlighted: the formation of large databases and a radical change in the rate of knowledge growth. The authors note that the new world order and world order should be based on knowledge about society, which should grow out of everything that was born during the millennia of struggle for power. This requires a rethinking and transformation of the conceptual foundation, which increases the demands on science in the third millennium. The authors note that such a science should be led by humanitarian knowledge, primarily based on such sciences as “Civilizationistics”, “History and Development of world civilizations”, “Civilizational Political Science (neopolitology)”. Expanding the share of the humanitarian component in the structure of the “science of the future” system will become the most important tool for achieving public awareness of the unity of civilizational development. The manifestation of the soft power mechanism is relevant not only in the external, but also in the internal space. Within the internal space, the use of the potential of this tool will contribute to the expansion of the defense consciousness of society as a whole, the formation of a stable national identity, as well as the creation and dissemination of narratives reflecting the traditional values inherent in the state-civilization, which is Russia. It is concluded that the formation of the conceptual foundation of science of the third millennium takes place on the basis of the intellectual sphere, generating new scientific knowledge.

The article examines the dynamics of information support for Turkey’s national and military security at the present stage in the context of the development of modern international relations and geopolitical transformations, which is characterized by increasing tension and instability. The importance of information flow management capabilities in accordance with the goals of Turkey’s foreign policy, national and military security is determined. The purpose of the study is to analyze the information security and cybersecurity system established in the Republic of Turkey and identify the main directions of its development. It is shown that an effective information security and cybersecurity system has been formed in modern Turkey, which makes it possible to effectively counter external and internal threats at the state, regional and global levels.

The article is devoted to the disclosure of the civilizational foundations of the modern Russian state. The purpose of the article is to consider Russia as a special civilization and highlight the centuries-old socio-cultural features of our country. Based on the use of civilizational and local-spatial methodological approaches, a comparative analysis of the concepts of Russian and Russian civilizations discussed in Russian political science is carried out. Special attention is paid to the consideration of the concept of the Russian state-civilization. As a result of the research, the author comes to the conclusion that it is impossible to consider Russian civilization as a single civilizational basis for the peoples of our country. The special civilizational role of the traditional Russian state lies in the fact that it has always been and remains a unifying, universally recognized center, both for the Russian people, which is a state-forming nation, and for other peoples of Russia, i.e. various local civilizations. Therefore, Russia is a special type of state-civilization that has been uniting all the peoples of Russia for centuries, preserving their ethno-cultural identity.

Today, the issue of involvement of various social groups in state affairs related to the quality of life is increasingly raised. The quality of life of indigenous peoples can be defined as a combination of objective and subjective indicators characterizing the well-being of indigenous communities. The objective of the article is to justify the need for indigenous peoples to participate in decision-making process affecting their interests, including assessing the quality of life. The study identifies gaps between the directions of state policy aimed at maintaining the quality of life of indigenous peoples of Russia and the ideas about the quality of life articulated by indigenous population. To achieve the stated objective, the authors used a comprehensive methodology which includes a system of philosophical, anthropological, sociological methods, as well as elements of scientific volunteering to determine the opinions of indigenous peoples when planning their socio-economic development, as well as to substantiate optimal forms of interaction between public authorities and indigenous communities of the Arctic. The study identifies key issues that affect the long-term well-being (standard and quality of life) of the Arctic indigenous peoples, including in such areas as cultural and spiritual well-being, socio-economic and environmental well-being, social organization of indigenous peoples’ lives, traditional economic activities and territories of traditional residence, as well as relationships with public authorities and industrial entities. The findings made it possible to formulate recommendations for public authorities to improve state-support programs for indigenous peoples of the Russian Arctic.

The purpose of the study is to identify the structural and functional features of information and psychological impact within the framework of the new paradigm of cognitive wars, due to technological and geopolitical shifts, to achieve it, the following were used: interdisciplinary theoretical analysis in the form of a synthesis of the concepts of political science, psychology, sociology and cybernetics; systematization of doctrinal documents and study of the strategies of the United States, the EU, NATO and other states in the field of hybrid wars and strategic communications; within the framework of comparative analysis, historical and modern forms of IPV (propaganda, psychological operations, “soft power”, cognitive warfare) are compared. Case studies are the study of technologies of “color revolutions”, crowdsourcing, and deepfake. Results of the study. Historical analysis has revealed three dominant paradigms: propaganda (antiquity – 1940s) – monologue influence through the media; psychological warfare (1940s–1950s) – targeted influence on military and civilian audiences; psychological operations (1960s – early XXI century) – integration of information and military tools. Since the 2000s, a fourth paradigm has been formed, characterized by hybridization and a combination of cyberattacks, sanctions, and protest movements. There is also a globalization of the audience and a transition from influencing enemy troops to manipulating mass consciousness, including technologization and the use of Big Data for microtargeting and artificial intelligence to create simulacra, as well as cognitive warfare technologies.

The article analyzes the role of Russia and China in the formation and development of the Greater Eurasian Partnership (BEP), a large-scale integration project aimed at creating a single space of economic, political and cultural interaction on the Eurasian continent. The author examines the strategic interests of both countries, their contribution to the development of infrastructural, economic and political mechanisms of cooperation, and assesses the prospects of the BEP in the context of modern global challenges. Special attention is paid to cooperation between Russia and China in the framework of initiatives such as the Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU) and the Belt and Road Initiative (OBOR), as well as their role in harmonizing the interests of various participating countries. The article analyzes key aspects of cooperation, including the development of transport corridors, energy partnership and strengthening international security. The author concludes that Russia and China play a key role in the successful implementation of the BEP, contributing to the creation of a new architecture of international relations based on the principles of multipolarity and mutually beneficial cooperation. Despite the existing challenges, such as geopolitical competition and differences in economic models, the BEP has significant potential to transform Eurasia into one of the key centers of the global economy and politics. The article is of interest to researchers dealing with issues of international integration, geopolitics and economic cooperation, as well as to practitioners involved in the implementation of projects within the framework of BEP and OBOP. The results of the study show that Eurasia is becoming a key center of world politics and economics, where integration initiatives (BEP and OBOR) are gaining strategic importance for the formation of a polycentric world order. Cooperation between Russia and China within the framework of the BEP and OBOR acts as a driver of integration, strengthening regional stability and countering the hegemony of the West. The role of Russia and China in the BEP is strategically important for the formation of a sustainable Eurasia. Their cooperation in the economic, infrastructural and political spheres creates the basis for long-term integration, but with the active leadership of the two countries, the BEP can become a driver of global stability and development.

Japan’s post-war militarization process exhibits a significant “duality” under the framework of the U.S.-Japan alliance: it serves as a “forward proxy” for the U.S. Indo-Pacific strategy while attempting to achieve strategic independence through technological autonomy and multilateral diplomacy. Starting from Article 9 of the Japanese Constitution and the U.S.-Japan Security Treaty, this paper analyzes the legal contradictions, internal and external driving forces of Japan’s militarization, and its impact on the security landscape of Northeast Asia. The study finds that Japan’s militarization is driven by domestic right-wing politics, economic resources, and U.S. strategic demands, manifested in offensive weapon deployments and deepened U.S.-Japan military coordination. However, this process has intensified Sino-Japanese confrontations, Japan-South Korea trust deficits, and regional arms races, trapping Japan in a dual dilemma of dependence on the U.S. and pursuit of autonomy. Combining historical analysis and policy research, this paper reveals the structural contradictions of Japan’s militarization, providing new perspectives for understanding the evolution of the U.S.-Japan alliance, Sino-Japanese security relations, and the order in Northeast Asia.

The author examines the topic of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in international relations. New technologies have long been part of the life of the world community and it is not surprising that there is a need for theoretical understanding of this process. In this regard, the main goal of the work is to identify the main approaches to the study of the phenomenon of artificial intelligence in various theoretical paradigms of international relations. The author analyzes the theories of realism, neorealism, liberalism, neorealism, neo-Marxism, constructivism and postpositivism. Also, before analyzing the approaches to AI, the author believes that it is advisable to give a brief description of the main concepts, principles and methodology of each theoretical direction or approach. As a result, the author comes to the following conclusion – each of the paradigms contributes to the understanding of how artificial intelligence can transform the international political system and influence global security. Political realism, especially its neorealistic version, considers the actions of states as the main actors in international relations, which perceive technological development as a way to strengthen their military and economic power, as well as a tool for ensuring national interests. The neoliberal approach emphasizes that AI enhances international cooperation by facilitating the exchange of knowledge and technology. Analyzing international processes from a neo-Marxist perspective allows us to identify how AI will affect the already deep gap between the “rich north” and the “poor south.” Constructivism emphasizes that international relations are formed through social interactions and discursive practices. The author believes that the development of AI technologies requires a comprehensive, often interdisciplinary analysis that combines approaches from all paradigms of international relations and, if possible, other subject areas.

The purpose of the research. The article discusses changes in world politics associated with the strengthening of the role of new international organizations and structures, such as BRICS and the Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO). These organizations are becoming key elements of the emerging multipolar system of international relations, offering alternative approaches to solving global problems and contributing to the strengthening of cooperation between the countries of the Global South and the East. Particular attention is paid to Russia’s active participation in these structures, which emphasizes its importance in the formation of a new world order. The results of the XVI BRICS Summit in Kazan, the prospects for the integration of the Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU) with BRICS and the SCO, as well as the challenges associated with the implementation of these ambitious goals are analyzed. The article also discusses the role of Asia in the new world order and the impact of the decisions of individual countries, such as Kazakhstan, on integration processes. Results. As a result of the conducted research, the authors come to the conclusion that BRICS and SCO are becoming key elements of the emerging multipolar system of international relations. The associations offer an alternative approach to solving international problems based on the principle of inclusiveness, justice and equality in international affairs. Russia initiates new ideas and projects, playing a key role in the development of such associations as BRICS, SCO and EAEU. The economic potential of the integration of the countries of the Global South is increasing. However, there are new challenges and threats that the member countries of the BRICS, EAEU and SCO associations face on their way to integration. Nevertheless, Asia, due to its demographic, economic, and technological advantages, is becoming the center of a new world order. The authors also highlighted further prospects for expanding integration processes both in the BRICS, SCO, and EAEU spaces, as well as between the member states of these associations. Research methodology. This study uses an integrated approach combining several methods to analyze the prospects for the integration of BRICS, SCO and EAEU in the context of the formation of a multipolar world: analysis of literature and documents, review of existing research; analysis of the regulatory framework; assessment of trade and economic indicators, assessment of the dynamics of trade turnover, investments and other economic indicators characterizing the interaction between the BRICS, SCO and EAEU member countries; comparison of macroeconomic indicators to assess the effectiveness of integration processes; content analysis of events and events, summits and meetings; study of the content of bilateral meetings of the leaders of the participating countries to determine priority areas of interaction. The work also uses expert assessments and opinions, as well as predictive analysis, trend extrapolation, and scenario analysis.

The article analyzes the transport strategies of metropolitan populations in the context of the sharing economy. The aim of the study is to determine how well transport tools are adapted to the needs of urban populations and integrated into the structure of the metropolitan transport system, which will help assess their efficiency and acceptability for society (using Moscow as an example). Particular attention is paid to examining indicators of transport accessibility for residents of the capital in terms of private vehicles and the changing conditions of their use in light of the growing prevalence of new rental forms. The experience of implementing and operating carsharing in Moscow as a sharing-based transport model is analyzed. According to the studied data, Moscow demonstrates a leading position in the development of carsharing on a global scale, with an annual increase in the number of vehicles and users of this service. Due to a rapid growth of the carsharing market, several key trends and forecasts are emerging: the expansion of vehicle fleets by leading carsharing companies, a significant increase in the number of users, the introduction of new technologies facilitating development, growing popularity of sustainable and environmental aspects of carsharing, and the fact that the development of carsharing is directly influenced by legislative initiatives and regulatory changes.

This article is an interdisciplinary study devoted to an in-depth analysis of the impact of digitalization on the transformation of cultural attitudes and behavioral strategies in the modern Russian youth environment. The work reveals the mechanisms by which information technologies not only transform traditional values, but also contribute to the formation of new norms of self-identification and social interactions. The analysis is based on the integration of quantitative and qualitative methods, which allowed us to obtain a holistic picture of changes depending on socio-demographic characteristics, covering representatives of urban and rural youth, as well as different levels of education and income. The article consistently examines three empirical studies, each of which highlights certain aspects of digital processes: the formation of digital identity, the influence of digital media on behavioral patterns, and a comparative analysis of the perception of digital culture in the context of socio-demographic factors. The practical significance of the research lies in the possibility of developing recommendations for adapting state youth policy and improving educational and cultural projects in the context of rapid technological progress. The article lays the foundation for further research aimed at studying the long-term impact of digital technologies on cultural space and social behavior, contributing to the development of effective support measures in the context of rapid information transformation.

The issue of the influence of volunteer activities on patriotic attitudes of student youth is relevant in the context of modern socio-economic conditions. The article presents the results of a study aimed at studying the influence of volunteer experience among students of the Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation on the formation of patriotic attitudes. The study was implemented using the method of quantitative online survey of students. As a result, it was revealed that those students who participate as a volunteer in events related to patriotism have more pronounced patriotic and cultural orientations than those who do not have such experience.

The article is devoted to the problems of subcultural contradictions and mechanisms for their resolution in the modern world. The author analyzes such concepts as “globalism” and “anti-globalism” taking into account various interpretations of these concepts. The author pays special attention to the difference between the concept of “globalism” as a theory, practice and ideology. The understanding of “globalism” as a real, primarily economic and communication process of modernity is also considered. Recommendations are given on mechanisms for smoothing out subcultural contradictions, which consist, first of all, in the formation of value guidelines that promote the consolidation of society. The integration of society based on traditional values will contribute not only to the elimination of excessive differentiation by income of the population, but also to a clearer declaration of cultural codes and guidelines transmitted by various social institutions. The creation of such a cultural code will contribute to the unification of numerous ethnic groups, confessions and subcultural groups in the Russian Federation.

The article analyzes the legal regulation of creative industries in the BRICS countries – China, the United Arab Emirates, India, Ethiopia, South Africa, Brazil, Iran and Egypt – with an emphasis on government support measures and prospects for their implementation in the Russian economy. The paper highlights the role of creative industries as a driver of innovation and economic growth in the context of globalization and digitalization. Each country is considered taking into account its unique features, and the importance of international cooperation in the field of creative industries is emphasized. It is concluded that it is necessary to improve the mechanisms for blocking pirated content and copyright infringing sites by making changes to a number of Russian legislative acts. It is proposed at the state level to consolidate the possibility of introducing “creative visa” programs through an information portal and special conditions for subjects of creative industries, as well as to develop regulations governing the creation and use of the register of traditional knowledge.

The purpose of the research is N.A. Berdyaev’s views on his understanding of freedom of will in the context of cultural philosophy (reality created by man through a creative act), since the thinker considered not the category of being as the primary basis of the world, but the category of freedom, on the basis of which God created man as a free creative being capable of creating reality. The scientific novelty lies in N.A. Berdyaev’s definition of the concept of free will not only as an irrational category by its nature, endowed with the ability to lead a person to both good and evil, but also as a cross–cutting theme in his understanding of the conjugacy of God – the world – man, where man makes his choice through freedom. It is shown that N.A. Berdyaev’s philosophy of freedom is connected with the personal traits of a person, his spiritual qualities, since it originates in the transcendent infinity and is a defining feature of human existence, its world of values, and the world of culture. It is shown that the realization of a person’s choice of freedom in N.A. Berdyaev’s philosophy are the categories of creativity, creativity, and commitment to religious values; and the negative choice of freedom (a person’s inability to manage it) results in enslavement of the individual to idols: art, science, and technocratic progress. Therefore, in the philosophy of N.A. Berdyaev, the fundamental position is the correctness of a person’s choice of a vector of freedom that can unleash his creative potential and become the basis of life determination.

Interest in the specifics of female nature, the differences between “female” and “male” has existed at all times. In the 20th century, such interest was largely transformed into slogans and social transformations, movements for equal participation of women, along with men, in various social institutions and public administration. The XXI century marked a new wave of interest in the study of the topic of “femininity”. It is largely due to the fact that conditions for the active participation of women in various spheres of society have already been created, many women occupy leading positions in the management of social institutions and strive to unite, forming women’s clubs, women’s business communities, etc. Their creation is inherently connected with the understanding of the specifics of “femininity”. Also, the relevance of the study of the concept of “femininity” is related to the fact that the living conditions set by the scientific and technological progress of modern society have significantly increased the level of stress in human life, which has reflected on the multiplied problems of women’s health. The search for ways to restore it is increasingly going into the search for answers to the question of the foundations of health laid down by “feminine nature”. Having analyzed the change in the social role of women and the understanding of "femininity" in the course of the history of European and Russian societies, the author of the article offers his version of the content of this concept, which, in our opinion, can contribute to the formation of a deeper gender identity of a modern woman and an understanding of the basics of her health.

The research problem is related to the identification of diasporic branches of the Jewish people, localized in various corners of the planet. The novelty of the presented article lies in the comprehensive analysis of the history, ethnoculture and current state of the Mountain-Jewish community in the city of Nalchik (KBR), whose age is estimated at two centuries. For this purpose, the work uses retrospective, comparative-historical, narrative and analytical research methods. Structurally, the article consists of two interconnected parts. The first part examines the history of the settlement and national adaptation of Mountain Jews in the new geocultural space. In the second part of the article, the authors, with methodological support from G.D. Gachev’s monograph “Mentalities of the Peoples of the World”, establish a series of cultural codes that have a transhistorical and vital character for Mountain Jews.