Risk factors for tuberculosis in patients with HIV infection

Ekaterina I. Kulabukhova; Кулабухова Екатерина Игоревна; Aleksey V. Kravchenko; Кравченко Алексей Викторович; Vera N. Zimina; Зимина Вера Николаевна; Anastasia V. Pokrovskaya; Покровская Анастасия Вадимовна; Zoya K. Suvorova; Суворова Зоя Константиновна; Olga N. Khokhlova; Хохлова Ольга Николаевна; Olga O. Vinokurova; Винокурова Ольга Олеговна; Agigat A.-K. Kadyrova; Кадырова Агигат Абдул кызы; Adetya M-K. Rzaeva; Рзаева Аделя Мирза кызы; Narina K. Sarkisyants; Саркисянц Нарина Константиновна; Astkhik S. Davidyan; Давидян Астхик Сергеевна; Svetlana V. Sergeenko; Сергеенко Светлана Владимировна; Zhanna A. Saprykina; Сапрыкина Жанна Александровна; Aibek A. Bekbolotov; Бекболотов Айбек Абдылдаевич; Elmira D. Abdrakhmanova; Абдрахманова Эльмира Джусупбековна; Grigoriy V. Volchenkov; Волченков Григорий Васильевич; Tatyana N. Zamkovaya; Замковая Татьяна Николаевна; S. S Sattorov; Сатторов Сафархон Сайдамирович; Alidzhon A. Soliev; Солиев Алиджон Азимжонович; Muborak Yu. Bekmetova; Бекметова Муборак Юлдашовна; Gulifar A. Normuratova; Нормуратова Гулифар Абдуллаевна; Vadim V. Pokrovsky; Покровский Вадим Валентинович

doi:10.18565/epidem.2022.12.3.71-77

Risk factors for tuberculosis in patients with HIV infection

Authors: Kulabukhova E.I.¹^,2, Kravchenko A.V.¹, Zimina V.N.², Pokrovskaya A.V.¹^,2, Suvorova Z.K.¹, Khokhlova O.N.¹, Vinokurova O.O.², Kadyrova A.A.³, Rzaeva A.M.⁴, Sarkisyants N.K.⁵^,6, Davidyan A.S.⁵^,6, Sergeenko S.V.⁷, Saprykina Z.A.⁸, Bekbolotov A.A.⁹, Abdrakhmanova E.D.¹⁰, Volchenkov G.V.¹¹, Zamkovaya T.N.¹², Sattorov S.S¹³, Soliev A.A.¹³, Bekmetova M.Y.⁴, Normuratova G.A.⁴, Pokrovsky V.V.¹
Affiliations:
1. Central Research Institute of Epidemiology, Russian Federal Service for Supervision of Consumer Rights Protection and Human Well-Being
2. Peoples' Friendship University of Russia
3. Research Institute of Pulmonary Diseases
4. Republican Center for AIDS Control
5. National Center for Infectious Diseases
6. National Institute of Health
7. Republican Center for Hygiene, Epidemiology, and Public Health
8. Republican Research and Practical Center for Pulmonology and Phthisiology
9. Republican AIDS Center, Ministry of Health
10. National Center for Phthisiology, Ministry of Health
11. Center for Specialized Phthisiopulmonological Care
12. Regional Center for AIDS Prevention and Control, Regional Clinical Hospital
13. Republican Center for AIDS Prevention and Control
Issue: Vol 12, No 3 (2022)
Pages: 71-77
Section: Articles
URL: https://journals.eco-vector.com/2226-6976/article/view/287964
DOI: https://doi.org/10.18565/epidem.2022.12.3.71-77
ID: 287964

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Objective. To investigate the rate of risk factors for tuberculosis in patients with HIV infection in the countries of Eastern Europe and Central Asia (EECA). Subjects and methods. The investigation involved 1000 patients from 7 countries: the Republic of Azerbaijan, the Republic of Armenia, Belarus, Tajikistan, Uzbekistan, the Kyrgyz Republic, and the Russian Federation (Vladimir Region (VR)), who were divided into 3 groups: 1) those with HIV/active tuberculosis (HIV/TB) coinfection (a HIV/ TB group), 2) those with HIV monoinfection (a HIV group), and 3) those with active tuberculosis (a TB group). To analyze risk factors for the development of active TB, the authors analyzed data from medical records and surveyed the patients in these groups. Results. The largest number of contacts with TB patients were seen in HIV/TB patients in the Republics of Armenia and Belarus, and VR of the Russian Federation, as well as in TB patients in the Republic of Azerbaijan, while the preventive TB treatment coverage among the HIV-infected patients varied from low (0-24%) in the Republics of Belarus and Armenia and in the VR of the Russian Federation to high (88-100%) in the other countries participating in the study. The increased TB susceptibility comorbid background (diabetes mellitus, silicosis, chronic renal failure requiring hemodialysis, and the intake of immunosuppressants) was more common in the TB group. The CD4 lymphocyte counts, both at baseline and at the time of TB diagnosis, were significantly lower in patients with HIV/TB coinfection than in those in the HIV group. The HIV/TB group had the most unfavorable socioeconomic characteristics (a low level of education, an income below subsistence level, and unemployment status). According to the region, HIV/TB and HIV patients were more likely to come to other countries to work; TB patients were less likely. The most active injecting drug use took place in the Russian Federation (VR) and the Republic of Belarus. Our attention was engaged by the high prevalence of smoking in the HIV/TB group in the Republic of Belarus (64%), the VR of the Russian Federation (68%), the Republic of Armenia (64%), and the Republic of Azerbaijan (86%). Conclusion. The large proportion of patients with a low income, a low level of education, a history of psychoactive substance use, and labor migration in the HIV/TB group indicates the need for educational activities and the greater relevance of social support to increase adherence during both prevention and treatment of active TB.

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HIV/tuberculosis co-infection, risk factors, preventive treatment for tuberculosis

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References

WHO. Global Tuberculosis Report, 2021. https://www.who.int/teams/global-tuberculosis-programme/tb-reports
WHO consolidated guidelines on tuberculosis Module 2: Screening - Systematic screening for tuberculosis disease (2021) https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789240022676
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Risk factors for tuberculosis in patients with HIV infection

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