The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the structure of intestinal microbiocenosis

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Abstract

Objective. To compare the epidemiological regularities of the prevalence of intestinal microbiocenotic disorders among the population of the Russian Federation before and during the pandemic of the new SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus infection.

Subjects and methods. The results of examinations for intestinal microbiocenotic disorders were retrospectively analyzed among 72,798 patients aged 1 to 60 years in the periods of 01.2018–03.2020 and 04.2020–12.2022. Inoculation of the clinical material on the nutrient media and accounting the results were performed by traditional microbiological methods. The data were statistically analyzed using the standard methods of descriptive statistics by the program Microsoft Office Excel 2010. The mean values were estimated taking into account the 95% confidence interval (95% CI) by the Klopper-Pearson method.

Results. The age group of 1 year to 60 years showed an increase in the incidence of intestinal microbiocenotic disorders during the COVID-19 pandemic compared to the years before the pandemic. In 2018 to the early 2020, the rate did not exceed 2.4±0.02%, from 04.2020 it increased to 77.9 ± 0.08%. The pandemic substantially changed the intestinal microbiocenosis towards the predominance of opportunistic (Klebsiella spp., Enterobacter spp., Proteus spp.) and pathogenic (Salmonella spp., Shigella spp.) floras.

Conclusion. The indicators of intestinal microbiocenosis in patients aged 1 to 60 years before the pandemic of the new coronavirus infection COVID-19 and during the pandemic differ significantly: there is a shift towards an increase in dysbiosis caused by the growth of opportunistic and pathogenic flora in the presence a decrease in obligate symbionts of bifidobacteria, lactobacilli, enterococci and typical E. coli. Various genotypes of the SARS-CoV-2 virus were found to have a destructive effect on intestinal microbiocenosis, which appeared as a damage in the philometabolic nucleus, which may be associated with both the extensive use of antibiotics and the damaging effect of the virus on the intestine.

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About the authors

Lyutsia A. Bityumina

Central Research Institute of Epidemiology, Russian Federal Service for Supervision of Consumer Rights Protection and Human Well-Being

Author for correspondence.
Email: bitumina@cmd.su
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-5378-0827

Bacteriologist in Clinical Microbiology, Laboratory for Clinical Microbiology and Human Microbial Ecology

Russian Federation, Moscow

Nina G. Kulikova

Central Research Institute of Epidemiology, Russian Federal Service for Supervision of Consumer Rights Protection and Human Well-Being

Email: kulikova_ng@cmd.su
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-1716-6969

Cand. Biol. Sci.; Senior Researcher in Clinical Microbiology, Senior Researcher in Clinical Microbiology, Laboratory for Clinical Microbiology and Human Microbial Ecology

Russian Federation, Moscow

Antonina A. Ploskireva

Central Research Institute of Epidemiology, Russian Federal Service for Supervision of Consumer Rights Protection and Human Well-Being

Email: antoninna@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-3612-1889

MD, Professor, Deputy Director in Clinical Work

Russian Federation, Moscow

Aleksandr V. Gorelov

Central Research Institute of Epidemiology, Russian Federal Service for Supervision of Consumer Rights Protection and Human Well-Being

Email: gorelov@cmd.su
ORCID iD: 0000-0001-9257-0171

MD, Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Professor, Deputy Director for Scientific Work

Russian Federation, Moscow

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2. Figure. A change in the structure of intestinal microbiocenosis in the population of the Russian Federation in 2018–2022

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