Causes of death in persons infected with the human immunodeficiency virus

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Objective. Assessment of the causes of lethal outcomes associated with and not associated with HIV in patients with HIV infection in the Russian Federation for the period from 2008 to 2021.

Materials and methods. The results of a multi-year special study of the causes of deaths among those infected with HIV, conducted in 2007–2022, were summarized in all regions of the country.

Results. The most common etiological cause of death associated with HIV in 2019–2021, as in previous years, was mycobacterial infection. In 2018 and 2021, the number of patients who died from pneumocystis pneumonia, lymphoproliferative diseases and multiple infections increased. Cardiovascular and gastrointestinal diseases (primarily liver cirrhosis of viral etiology), as well as external causes and oncological diseases remain the main causes of deaths not associated with HIV infection. In 2021, 6.4% of people with HIV infection died from COVID-19 infection. Among the deceased, the proportion of patients receiving antiretroviral therapy was significantly less than in the population of patients with HIV infection who were under follow-up.

Conclusion. Reducing premature deaths from HIV infection and comorbidities can be achieved by increasing the coverage of people living with HIV with antiretroviral therapy and improving the diagnosis and treatment of comorbidities.

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作者简介

Alexey Kravchenko

Central Research Institute of Epidemiology, Russian Federal Service for Supervision of Consumer Rights Protection and Human Well-Being

编辑信件的主要联系方式.
Email: alexey-kravtchenko@yandex.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0001-7857-3763

Professor, МD, Leader Researcher

俄罗斯联邦, Moscow

Natalia Ladnaia

Central Research Institute of Epidemiology, Russian Federal Service for Supervision of Consumer Rights Protection and Human Well-Being

Email: n.ladnaya@hiv-russia.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0003-2994-151X

Cand. Biol. Sci., Senior Researcher

俄罗斯联邦, Moscow

Vadim Pokrovsky

Central Research Institute of Epidemiology, Russian Federal Service for Supervision of Consumer Rights Protection and Human Well-Being

Email: pokrovsky.vad@yandex.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-9514-7288

Professor, Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences, MD, Head, Specialized Research Department of Epidemiology and Prevention of AIDS

俄罗斯联邦, Moscow

Nadezhda Kozyrina

Central Research Institute of Epidemiology, Russian Federal Service for Supervision of Consumer Rights Protection and Human Well-Being

Email: nad-kozyrina@yandex.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0001-5134-0054

Cand. Med. Sci., Senior Researcher

俄罗斯联邦, Moscow

Oleg Yurin

Central Research Institute of Epidemiology, Russian Federal Service for Supervision of Consumer Rights Protection and Human Well-Being

Email: oleg_gerald@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0003-1930-7486

МD, Leading Researcher

俄罗斯联邦, Moscow

Ekaterina Sokolova

Central Research Institute of Epidemiology, Russian Federal Service for Supervision of Consumer Rights Protection and Human Well-Being

Email: ekaterinasokolova007@rambler.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-2001-8772

Cand. Med. Sci, Researcher

俄罗斯联邦, Moscow

Daria Chekryzhova

Central Research Institute of Epidemiology, Russian Federal Service for Supervision of Consumer Rights Protection and Human Well-Being

Email: epid@hiv-russia.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0003-0760-8257

Epidemiologist

俄罗斯联邦, Moscow

参考

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  4. О состоянии санитарно-эпидемиологического благополучия населения в Российской Федерации в 2021 году: Государственный доклад. М.: Федеральная служба по надзору в сфере защиты прав потребителей и благополучия человека, 2022. 340 с. [On the state of sanitary and epidemiological well-being of the population in the Russian Federation in 2021: State report]. Moscow, 2022. 340 p. (In Russ.).
  5. Guidelines for HIV mortality measurement. Geneva, Switzerland: Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS and World Health Organization; 2014.
  6. Кравченко А.В., Ладная Н.Н., Козырина Н.В., Покровский В.В., Юрин О.Г., Соколова Е.В. и др. Причины летальных исходов среди лиц, инфицированных ВИЧ, в Российской Федерации в 2008–2018 гг. Эпидемиол. инфекц. болезни. Актуал. вопр. 2020; 10(3): 63–9. DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.18565/epidem.2020.10.3.63–9 Kravchenko A.V., Ladnaia N.N., Kozyrina N.V., Pokrovsky V.V., Yurin O.G., Sokolova E.V. et al. [Causes of deaths among HIV-infected persons in the Russian Federation in 2008–2018]. Epidemiology and infectious diseases. Current items 2020; 10(3): 63–9. DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.18565/тepidem.2020.10.3.63–9
  7. Low A., Gavriilidis G., Larke N., B-Lajoie M-R., Drouin O., Stover J. et al. Incidence of opportunistic infections and the impact of antiretroviral therapy among HIV-infected adults in low- and middle-income countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin. Infect. Dis. 2016; 62: 1595–1603. DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciw125
  8. Покровский В.В., Ладная Н.Н., Покровская А.В. ВИЧ/СПИД сокращает число россиян и продолжительность их жизни. Демографическое обозрение 2017; 4(1): 65–82. https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/vich-spid-sokraschaet-chislo-rossiyan-i-prodolzhitelnost-ih-zhizni Pokrovsky V.V., Ladnaya N.N., Pokrovskaya A.V. [HIV/AIDS reduces the number of Russians and their life expectancy]. Demographic review 2017; 4(1): 65–82. (In Russ.). https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/vich-spid-sokraschaet-chislo-rossiyan-i-prodolzhitelnost-ih-zhizni

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2. Fig. 1. The main groups of causes of deaths among HIV-infected people in the Russian Federation in 2008-2021

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3. Fig. 2. Distribution of deaths from HIV infection in 2021 by cause of death (B20-B24 according to ICD-10)

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4. Fig. 3. Distribution of HIV-infected people who died in 2021 from causes unrelated to HIV infection (А00-U10, except for В20-В24 according to ICD-10 )

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