Research of the Composition of Wax Deposits and the Processes of Their Formation in Transformer Oil

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Abstract

This paper presents the results of studying the elemental composition of sediments, including waxy ones, from high-voltage oil-filled equipment in which transformer oil has been in use for more than 30 years. Using the method of inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, metals such as Cu, Fe, Zn, Ni, Cd, Co, Pb, Cr, and Mn were detected in deposits from transformers and high-voltage bushings. At the same time, the deposits from power transformers contain the greatest amount of iron (Fe) >> copper (Cu) > zinc (Zn), and the deposits from high-voltage oil-filled bushings contain copper (Cu) ≈ iron (Fe) >> zinc (Zn). Special experiments have been carried out to confirm the mechanism of formation of organometallic compounds in oil, in particular, the formation of stearic acid salts. The experiments consisted of preparing model solutions close to the composition of transformer oil and consisting of hexane, ionol, butyl stearate and stearic acid; adding to them powdered metals (Cu, Sn, Zn, Fe, Al) and their oxides (CuO, SnO, ZnO, Fe2O3, Al2O3); keeping the mixture for 1–20 hours and then determining the concentration of the components. Research has shown that salts of carboxylic acids in an organic matrix are formed by the interaction of carboxylic acid with metals (Zn, Fe, Al) or their oxide films (ZnO, Fe2O3, Al2O3). With less active metals (Cu and Sn), as well as with their oxides (CuO and SnO), the consumption of stearic acid was not observed, that is, the reaction between the acid and additives (Cu, Sn, CuO, SnO) does not occur, this indicates that that copper and tin in oil deposits are associated with other anions, mainly with the sulfide ion.

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M. N. Lyutikova

Новосибирский государственный технический университет

Author for correspondence.
Email: m.lyutikova@mail.ru

к. х. н.

Russian Federation, Новосибирск

A. V. Ridel

Новосибирский государственный технический университет

Email: m.lyutikova@mail.ru

к. т. н.

Russian Federation, Новосибирск

S. V. Nehoroshev

Ханты-Мансийская государственная медицинская академия

Email: m.lyutikova@mail.ru

д. т. н.

Russian Federation, Ханты-Мансийск

V. M. Muratova

Югорский государственный университет

Email: m.lyutikova@mail.ru
Russian Federation, Ханты-Мансийск

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Supplementary files

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1. JATS XML
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2. Fig. 1. Appearance of waxy deposits on various parts high-voltage bushings with paper-oil isolation

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3. Fig. 2. Chemical structures of naphthenic salts (1) and carboxylic (2) acids

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4. Fig. 3. Residual concentration of compounds in model solutions after their exposure to metals and metal oxides for 1 hour

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5. Fig. 4. Residual concentration of compounds in model solutions after their exposure to metals and metal oxides for 20 hours

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6. Fig. 5. IR absorption spectrum: 1 – model solution; 2 – model solution + zinc oxide powder, mixing time 1 hour; 3 – model solution + zinc oxide powder, mixing time 20 hours

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7. (1.1)

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8. (1.2)

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Copyright (c) 2023 Lyutikova M.N., Ridel A.V., Nehoroshev S.V., Muratova V.M.

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