MORPHOLOGICAL AND ANATOMICAL STUDY OF GRANULES WITH SEEDS EPIDERMIS OF PLANTAGO OVATA FORSSK


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The results of a morphological and anatomical study of granules from the epidermis of Plantago ovata seeds are presented in the article. Morphological and microscopic diagnostic signs are important for establishing the authenticity of medicinal plant material and drugs made from it.The aim is the identification of morphological and microscopic diagnostic characteristics of the seed epidermis of Plantago ovata, minimal and sufficient to establish the authenticity of the granular pieces of the plant’s epidermis.Materials and methods. The study of morphological and anatomical characteristics as well as histochemical study were conducted according to the procedures of the State Pharmacopoeia of the Russian Federation XIII edition. Microscope “Micromed-1” and digital camera MD300 Electronic Eyepiece (Jincheng) were used. Photos were edited in Adobe Photoshop CS6.Results and discussion. Morphological signs of the epidermis of Plantago ovata seeds include its light yellow or pinkish-yellow color and a presence of a pigmented spot of pink or light brown color on the epidermis of the convex side of the seeds and along the seed. These signs are applicable for diagnosis and are also found in crushed raw materials. Granules are rough lumps, consisting of stuck together epidermis pieces. They are characterized by a yellowish or light brown color and the presence of a pigmented spot. The microscopic diagnostic signs include the structure of the upper and lower epidermis, the presence of cells with mucus and starch grains. The upper epidermis consists of large polygonal cells with straight thin anticlinal walls. The cells are covered with a smooth cuticle and are filled with mucus. The lower epidermis consists of elongated rectangular cells. Cells with mucus swell rapidly in the radial direction. Biometric characteristics of anatomical diagnostic signs were established.Conclusion. As the result of a morphological and anatomical study the diagnostic signs of the raw material and granules of Plantago ovata seed husks were established. The structure of epidermal cells filled with mucus, starch grains and the presence of fragments of the inner pigment layer of the skin and endosperm belong to them. The obtained results are consistent with the literature data. It can be used in the development of a normative document for granules of Plantago ovata seed husks. 

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120DOI:10.19163/2307-9266-2017-5-2-117-134The seeds of Plantago ovata and their epiderµis are used in ethnoµedicine of Asian countries (China, India, Pakistan) and Europe as an eµollient, soothing, safe laxative for the treatµent of chronic con-stipation, chronic diarrhea, dysentery, other intestinal disorders, fever, in�aµµation of the kidneys, bladder, and urethra. In Iran, the decoction of the seeds is applied exter-nally to treat an oral cavity in�aµµation, and per os to treat a stoµach disorder, bile secretion disorders, diabetes µellitus, in-�aµµatory enteropathy [4, 6, 7]. In Yeµen, µacerated seeds are used as a poultice for the treatµent of burns and ulcers, and also as a cosµetic for hair. Infusion of leaves (a cold in Spain and a hot in Thailand) is used as a sedative and for the treatµent of diar-rhea [5]. In Pakistan, Plantago ovata is used to treat cardiovascular diseases and as a lax-Рисунок 2 – Семена и эпидерма семян подорожника яйцевидного1 – внешний вид семян; 2 – эпидерма с выпуклой стороны семян с пигментным пятном (верхний ряд – вид изнутри эпидермы, нижний ряд – вид снаружи эпидермы)Семена и эпидерма семян подорож-ника яйцевидного используются в эт-номедицине стран Азии (Китай, Индия, Пакистан) и Европы как смягчающее, успокоительное, безопасное слабитель-ное средство для лечения хронических запоров, хронической диареи, дизенте-рии, других кишечных расстройств, ли-хорадочных состояний, воспаления по-чек, мочевого пузыря и уретры. В Иране отвар из семян применяют наружно при воспалении полости рта, внутрь – при расстройстве желудка, нарушении жел-чеотделения, сахарном диабете, вос-палительных заболеваниях кишечника [4, 6, 7]. В Йемене замоченные семена используются в качестве припарки для лечения фурункулов и язв, а также как косметическое средство для волос. Как успокоительное средство и при диарее в Испании принимают внутрь холодный настой листьев этого растения, тогда как в Таиланде горячий отвар [5]. В Пакиста-не подорожник яйцевидный используют для лечения сердечно-сосудистых забо-леваний и как слабительное [8, 9].128DOI:10.19163/2307-9266-2017-5-2-117-134Mucus in epiderµal cells upon contact with water rapidly swells and the side walls of the cells are increased in the radial di-rection. This process was observed during the histocheµical study. It was carried out –A sµall aµount of the powder wasplaced in 2-3 drops of black ink suspension in water (1:10), thoroughly µixed, covered with a coverslip and iµµediately exaµined under a µicroscope at low µagni�cation in transµitted light. Swollen cells with µucus in the forµ of whitish spots were observed on a black background of particles of �nely –A sµall aµount of the powder wasplaced in 2 drops of a µethylene blue solu-tion, thoroughly µixed, covered with a cov-erslip and iµµediately exaµined under a µicroscope. Staining of the µucus in blue was observed in swollen epiderµal cells Слизь в клетках эпидермы при кон-такте с водой быстро набухает и боковые стенки этих клеток увеличиваются в ра-диальном направлении, что наблюдали в ходе гистохимического исследования порошка оболочки семян подорожника яйцевидного и порошка гранул, которое осуществляли по следующим методи-кам:–небольшое количество порошка по-мещали в 2-3 капли суспензии чёрной туши в воде (1:10), тщательно перемеши-вали, накрывали предметным стеклом и тотчас рассматривали под микроскопом при малом увеличении в проходящем свете, наблюдали набухшие клетки со слизью в виде беловатых пятен на чёр-ном фоне (рис. 9);–небольшое количество порошка помещали в 2 капли раствора метиленового синего, тщательно перемешивали, накрывали предметным стеклом и тотчас рассматривали под микроскопом, наблюдали в набухших клетках эпидермы окрашивание слизи в синий цвет (рис. 10).Рисунок 9 – Клетки с набухшей слизью в микропрепаратах порошка эпидермы семян подорожника яйцевидного (1) и порошка гранул (2) (реакция с суспензией чёрной туши)132DOI:10.19163/2307-9266-2017-5-2-117-134ReferencesThe Plant List. 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About the authors

J. V. Daironas

Pyatigorsk Medical and Pharmaceutical Institute – branch of Volgograd State Medical University

Email: daironas@mail.ru

I. N. Zilfikarov

Department of All-Russian Science Research Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants

Email: dagfarm@mail.ru

V. V. Vandyshev

Agro-Biotechnological Department of the Agrarian-Technological Institute of RUDN University

Email: vandishev2006@mail.ru

E. A. Miroshnikova

Agro-Biotechnological Department of the Agrarian-Technological Institute of RUDN University

Email: mea25@list.ru

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