卷 10, 编号 8 (2023)

The qualitative and quantitative mismatch between labor supply and demand has a significant impact on labor shortages and the growth of structural unemployment in the labor market. Under the pressure of sanctions, increasing brain drain and mobilization of part of the able-bodied population, the problems of matching labor demand and supply in Russia are becoming particularly acute. Solving these problems is the primary way to address the staffing shortage. The unbalanced situation in the labor market is aggravated not only by the current problems, but also by new risks in the future, complicating the effectiveness of the national labor market and the declining possibilities of its state regulation, preventing effective restructuring of employment, increasing productivity and quality of labor. The study of employers' needs for qualified personnel is a necessary tool for determining measures for the economic development of the country, for the development and implementation of state policy to ensure the balance of the labor market, and for the modernization of the vocational education system.The authors focused on the factors affecting the supply and demand of labor. The analysis of the formed industry and professional qualification imbalances in the Russian labor market is carried out. The results of the study can be used by the relevant public authorities in improving the legal framework for regulating structural imbalances in the labor market, as well as for research and educational purposes.

The effectiveness of managerial decisions in the personnel management largely depends on the quality of procedures for regulating labor processes. The classic problem of managing activities to identify employees' competitive advantages is the search for tools used to analyze and evaluate professional knowledge and skills. The article substantiates the relevance of performing diagnostics of elements of activities for the development of employees' competitiveness. It is shown that the improvement of approaches and methods of identifying competitive advantages is an integral part of the personnel management system. An algorithm for the selection of increasing the competitiveness of employees when highlighting their competitive advantages using functional and cost analysis is presented. The possibilities of developing competitiveness using approaches and methods designed to perform a comprehensive feasibility study are considered. A systematic list of the main functions of employees who make significant personnel decisions in the strategic personnel management system is presented. The conditions for solving the optimization problem of distributing the efforts of management team in the implementation of personnel decisions are shown.

At the present stage of economic development, companies face enormous external pressure, which necessitates the development of tools to maintain or increase the efficiency of their activities. The author of the article suggests the methodology of rationing managerial and administrative labor costs based on business process engineering and reengineering. The article presents the results of the study on the development of a management labor rationing system based on a process approach at a company in the ferrous and non-ferrous scrap metal industry. The results of the methodology testing are presented.

The article substantiates the need to develop a new format for the accumulation of professional competencies in connection with new educational needs in digital knowledge. The state of the labor market and employment in Russia as a whole and in a number of sectors of the economy is analyzed; problems are identified. The possibility of implementing a number of principles of neuro-economic interaction in their activities within the framework of accumulating prerequisites for the formation of a model of remote-virtual transformation of educational institutions and to connect to the newly created elements of educational infrastructure is substantiated. The authors' interpretation of the concepts of educational institutions and educational infrastructure is proposed. The systematization of the elements of educational infrastructure is proposed. They include elements of methodological support, research educational complexes, coordination centers of management and systematization, elements of state support and state regulation of educational infrastructure, elements of remote involvement and involvement in the educational process.The authors took into account the proposed levels of ordering: providing level, level of educational institution consumers, and level of participants in the educational process. The principles of neuroeconomic interaction of educational infrastructure are formulated. These principles are as follows: the principle of ordering the elements of the educational infrastructure, the principle of neuroeconomic susceptibility of educational infrastructure elements, and the principle of inclusion of educational infrastructure elements. The forms of implementation of the elements of the educational infrastructure are proposed. These forms are as follows: interactive forms of functioning, virtual form, remote training form, form of collective discussion of problematic issues and independent individual cognition. The directions of transformation of the elements of educational infrastructure in the conditions of employment in the service labor market have been developed. These are the direction of transformation of basic values and the direction of formation of new levels and forms of cognition.

The necessity of forming and developing the theoretical and methodological foundations of occupational safety and health research in the conditions of the modern economy determine the relevance of this article. The author suggests one of the ways to solve the scientific problem, which consists in the discrepancy between the overall effectiveness of the occupational safety and health system to the new socio-economic objectives established by the state policy in occupational safety and health.The author's approach to the managing the development of the occupational safety and health system based on the application of homeostatic methodology is proposed. The study of the contradictions between the elements of the occupational safety and health system has been carried out. This made it possible to determine possible directions for the implementation of external managerial influences.The obtained research results can serve as a basis for further scientific, theoretical and applied developments in occupational safety and health management in the modern economy. The research results can find their application in the practical activities of public authorities in the development of a set of measures to improve the effectiveness of ongoing occupational safety and health measures.