卷 27, 编号 2 (2025)

The article examines the importance and approaches to the study of Russian and foreign literature of the XVIII century in the system of university philological education. This period is characterized as a key stage in the transition from the traditional classical culture, founded by ancient writers, to the ideas of Enlightenment, which had revolutionary transformations in the further development of both European and Russian culture. Special attention is paid to the unique synthesis of scientific approach and literary creativity in Western European culture, represented in the works of prominent figures of the era. During this period, new literary genres were formed, combining science and art: novels, treatises, philosophical novels, poetic works with deep scientific overtones. In Russia of the XVIII century, there was a rapid development of literature. Progress became possible thanks to the radical transformations of Peter the Great – his economic, political and cultural reforms that transformed patriarchal tsarist Russia into the Russian Empire. Russian Russian literature considers the contribution of Peter the Great's associates to the formation of the Russian literary language and the formation of the concept of national literature, which laid the foundation for the «golden age» of Russian literature of the 19th century. The article highlights modern methods of teaching literature of the XVIII century in universities, aimed at developing students' skills in analyzing the historical and cultural context and understanding when comparing works of interrelation between Russian and foreign literature. Special attention is paid to the adaptation of pedagogical technologies to modern digital learning formats.

The article deals with the actual division of the sentence as one of the most essential aspects of a text in terms of its coherence. This topic assumes even more importance in case of translation between languages with different models of thematic-rhematic articulation of sentences (for example from English into Russian). Correct reproduction of the actual division in the target language with consideration of its rules and standards is one of the most characteristic signs of the quality translation. The skill to spot the rheme in a sentence of the original text is as essential as knowing what lexical-grammatical transformation is to be applied in each particular case. This statement is proved by numerous mistakes of the same kind found in Russian translation. The point is that in some cases a translator for some reason preserves the original thematic-rhematic structure of a sentence when translating it from English into Russian, instead of adapting it to the rules and standards of Russian. As a result, such translation looks unnatural which has the negative effect on the perception of a text as a whole.

The article provides a theoretical foundation for the model of developing teachers' soft skills through a network mentoring system within the framework of the conference "School in FOCUS. FOCUS techniques for school," implemented by the All-Russian public organization of education leaders "Teacher of the Year." The author notes that in the context of digital transformation of education and the need for continuous professional development of teachers, innovative forms of professional development based on network interaction are becoming particularly relevant. The network conference "School in FOCUS" is an effective model of informal professional development that integrates subject-specific and meta-subject approaches. The paper analyzes key directions for developing flexible skills of the modern teacher in the context of network mentoring: development of communication competencies, professional adaptability skills, and leadership qualities. Special attention is paid to the diagnostics of teachers' soft skills, proposing a complex of methodologies that includes psychological, formalized, digital, and other tools characterized by comprehensiveness and depth of assessment. The conclusion is made that the network conference "School in FOCUS" creates a unique ecosystem for professional development, ensuring accessibility to best pedagogical practices and the possibility of scaling them. The experience of conducting the conference can be used as a model for organizing informal professional development of teachers at regional and federal levels.

The article discusses the life and work of the future Nobel Prize laureate in literature Boris Leonidovich Pasternak, who first found himself in Chistopol face to face with deep reality, with real edaphic Russia, who wanted to stay here forever. Pasternak's friendship with the Avdeevs, the wonderful family of Soviet intellectuals, served as the basis for creating the image of the protagonist of the "Doctor Zhivago" novel - Yuri Zhivago, and had a huge impact on the fate and work of the poet. The origins of the work should also be seen in the constant benevolent communication of B.L. Pasternak with his landlord V.A. Vavilov - a participant in the Civil War and the partisan movement: many episodes from his narratives formed the basis of the famous novel, the work on which Pasternak began in Chistopol in March 1942. This article examines the possible origins of Boris Pasternak's "Doctor Zhivago" novel, involving archival and memoir documents, and scientific works. The purpose of the article is to reveal Pasternak's friendly relationship with the family of zemskiy doctor Dmitry Dmitrievich Avdeev, to show the role of the Avdeevs in dialogue with cultural, art, and literary figures evacuated to the city on the Kama, especially in dialogue and friendship with B.L. Pasternak.

Discussing the Sanskrit etymology of Russian folk instrument designations fills a gap in the domestic etymological tradition, whose representatives are reluctant to involve data from Indian languages in the analysis. The subject of the study is the conditions under which the etymological transitions could take place. The analysis takes into account various word-formation models. The author regards some factors influencing the shift in the morphemic composition of Sanskrit words. These are adding Russian suffixes, the transfer of articulation of the final i of Sanskrit verbal endings to the zone of the thematic vowel, the elision of individual sounds and syllables in the root, as well as in prefixes, and the addition of individual sounds. The author analyzes the Russian nouns скоморох, пляска, the semantic group including the lexemes баять, байка, баян, балакать, балалайка, волынка. He suggests the Sanskrit etymology of the names of Russian folk instruments – скрипка, домра, гусли, свирель, дудука, рожок, колокол and clarifies the etymology of the terms тон и лад, as well as individual verbs петь, звенеть/звонить, гласить/голосить. Based on the results of the research, the author concludes that in most of the cases considered, it is the Sanskrit etymology that takes place. Some of the proposed etymologies can be considered as a hypothesis.

The world of things in the information society breaks the established boundaries of its everyday existence and perception, exposing itself in a variety of forms, interconnections and articulations of bodily transformations. This process allows us to see behind the usual material background of everyday artifacts the endless social drama in the battle of human being for the acculturation and domestication of nature. A thing as an object of culture appears in a variety of guises – as a character, event, sign, symbol and narrative, but each time joining in the conversation about the urgent and life-and-death in the incessant dialogue of human being with his creation. Despite the seeming material autonomy, burden and inviolability of the objective world – things are not at all indifferent to the experiences, preferences and values ​​of individual. In one case, they bind their creator to themselves or even enslave him, imprisoning a person in the walls built around him, in another – they protect and save from the onslaught of external forces, providing people with the necessary means to tame the elements, arrange the world and promote their aspirations, ambitions and plans. In this article, the objective world of culture is considered through its coupling with creative practices and innovations decisions. Cultural artifacts objectively mark the social world, which allows us to consider them as a kind of warning signs of distinction and memorable marks. Things attract people, just as people attract them to themselves in the implementation of their needs and plans. Things acquire their communicative properties in a cultural context that sets and forms the social significance of an artifact, making it an economically useful, aesthetically attractive and recognizable object. Creativity of action turns a thing into an accomplice and designer of a new cultural reality, which the author tries to show in her article.

This article examines the theater of the French director, choreographer and puppeteer Philippe Genty, whose works on plasticity and pantomime are actively used in the process of teaching acting in theater universities, in particular, in the Lugansk State Academy of Culture and Arts named after Mikhail Matusovsky. F. Genty is rightfully considered the most mysterious director who created a truly magical theater. F. Genty is considered one of the brightest representatives of the theater direction "new circus" - a specific genre that combines drama, pantomime, modern dance, visual arts and circus. In this theater, everything is subject to the laws of dreams. In the world of the great dreamer F. Genty - a special space inhabited by people, dolls, living flowers and unknown creatures - they speak the language of circus and pantomime, theater of drama and music, puppets and shadows. In the stage universe of F. Genty, actors, puppets and objects coexist on an equal footing, on the one hand, and plastic dance, pantomime and a mind-boggling circus show with mind-boggling tricks and magic tricks on the other. F. Genty’s greatest merit is also that he brought puppet theatre (no matter how synthetic its version was) to a new level – to the “major league”.