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卷 16, 编号 4 (2020)
- 年: 2020
- 文章: 13
- URL: https://journals.eco-vector.com/2500-0640/issue/view/8915
Articles
STRUCTURE CHARACTERISTICS AND PROPERTIES OF YCuxMn1−xO3 AFTER MECHANOACTIVATION
摘要
Solid solutions of the YCuxMn1−xO3 system have been synthesized at x = 0.00, 0.05, 0.10, 0.15 with the use of preliminary mechanical activation. Studies of the structure and microstructure of the obtained samples have been carried out. The temperature changes in the conductivity of the manufactured objects have been partially studied. Based on X-ray diffraction analysis, it was found that mechanical activation practically completely excludes the formation of a hexagonal phase upon the addition of Cu. In this case, the perovskite phase is formed. In the composition without copper, a hexagonal phase is formed, but its amount is comparable to the orthorhombic non-perovskite phase. The presence of the latter is noted throughout the study interval. The study of the microstructure showed the presence of nanocrystalline fouling of grains. Unlike pure YMnO3, in compositions doped with copper, grains with and without fouling have approximately the same size scatter. It is noted that, as in the case of using the method of conventional ceramic technology, synthesis with preliminary mechanical activation occurs with the presence of liquid phases. The microstructure photographs of all samples with x > 0 clearly show local intergranular adhesions. A study of the electrical resistivity ρ at T = 300–700 K revealed an anomaly that shifts to the low-temperature region with an increase in the copper concentration. Presumably, this anomaly is associated with structural rearrangements preceding the high-temperature phase transition. In the hexagonal state of YMnO3, it consists in the inclination and rotation of oxygen bipyramids, and in the orthorhombic state, in the orbital ordering and rotation of oxygen octahedra. The research results will be useful in the study of solid solutions made with the use of mechanical activation.
Nauka Yuga Rossii. 2020;16(4):3-8
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THE DEVELOPMENT OF SCIENTIFIC BASIS OF MARINE NATURAL RESOURCE USE
摘要
The paper discusses the development of scientific basis of marine natural resource use. The authors believe that rational marine environmental management requires an adequate understanding of features that reflect changes in the functioning of marine ecosystems under changing natural conditions and the growing pressure of anthropogenic impacts. A fundamental understanding of the phenomena and processes occurring in the seas and oceans is necessary for the transition to such marine use. The authors try to answer the following questions: what is the main object of management in marine use; what is the integrated management of the marine ecosystem; what is the essence of the ecosystem approach in marine use; what is the range of tools included in the economic component of rational marine use. The analysis carried out in the article allowed the authors to formulate the most promising tools for ensuring sustainable and environmentally safe development of the marine economy. It includes: integrated management of marine activities using an ecosystem approach, marine spatial planning, application of a precautionary approach in planning marine activities aimed at reducing environmental risks in areas of extreme climatic conditions, assessment of marine ecosystem services in the system of management decisions in marine use. The authors conclude that the improvement of these tools should be the goal of scientific research to create a theory of marine environmental management.
Nauka Yuga Rossii. 2020;16(4):9-18
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STUDY OF GEOMORPHOLOGICAL CHANGES IN THE COASTLINE OF SURABAYA, INDONESIA USING REMOTE SENSING DATA
摘要
The coastline in Surabaya, Indonesia is about 47.4 kilometers and lies in twenty city subdistricts. One of the main problems in coastal Surabaya is bank erosion. This process has a negative impact on the coastal infrastructure and residential areas of the city, and leads to the degradation of natural landscapes such as mangroves area in Surabaya. The aim of this research was to study the modern coastal processes of the Surabaya coast and analyze the geomorphological changes for the period from 1994 to 2018. Data used in this research were from Landsat TM 5 1994 (8 July 1994) and Landsat 8 OLI 2018 (17 May 2018) and coastal field surveys. The method was the spatial-temporal analysis of the coastline position for twenty-four years (1994–2018) by combining satellite images and conducting sub-satellite observations. In 1994–2018, coastal erosion was recorded in some sub-districts: Tambak Osowilangun, Tambak Langon, Greges and Kalianak (West Surabaya); Moro Krembangan, Ujung, Bulak Banteng, and Kedung Cowek (North Surabaya); Keputih, and Wonorejo and Medokan Ayu (East Surabaya). The most intense coastal retreat (erosion) was observed in the Wonorejo sub district (about 141637.1 m2). Measures that have been taken by the community of Wonorejo was the planting of mangrove trees. The area of man-made coasts increased due to the construction of the new port of Teluk Lamong by 916068.3 m2.
Nauka Yuga Rossii. 2020;16(4):19-25
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MACROPHYTOBENTHOS OF THE BLACK AND AZOV SEAS: FLORISTIC AND ECOLOGICAL ASPECTS (OVERVIEW)
摘要
The review considers the historical retrospective of studies of macrophytobenthos of the Black Sea and the Sea of Azov. Main 4 research stages were identified: stage I (1860–1920) – floral; stage II (1930–1950) – hydrobiological; stage III (1960–1990) – floristic-ecological; stage IV (early 2000s) – synergistic. It is shown that in recent years local floristic works with the description of ecology and biology of separate species prevail. The lack of large-scale international programs for conducting hydrobiological (algological) surveys using sea vessels and professional divers with precise reference to coordinates and satellite data to a certain extent “throws” scientists to the level of capabilities of the first half of the twentieth century. Due to modern geopolitical realities, full-scale research of the Zernov phyllophore field in the North-Western sector of the Black Sea has become impossible, and separate sections of the shelf in the Azov and Black seas have become inaccessible to researchers. Work on the physiology and biochemistry of macroalgae has been sharply reduced. There are practically no modern molecular genetic studies of seaweed and, consequently, no modern assessment of species diversity. The creation of an accessible international database on the marine diversity of the Azov and Black seas has been suspended. To accurately assess long-term changes in the macrophytobenthos of the Black Sea, it is necessary to search for historical and archival materials (herbariums, field diaries of researchers) that contain information with primary data and geographical references. It is necessary to strengthen the studies of macrophytobenthos of the Black and Azov seas in all countries of the Black Sea region.
Nauka Yuga Rossii. 2020;16(4):26-38
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THE STATUS OF PLANKTON ALGOCENOSIS OF THE BLACK SEA NORTHEASTERN SHELF IN THE PERIOD 2015–2019
摘要
The article presents the results of the research of taxonomic composition and level of quantitative development of phytoplankton on the Northeastern Black Sea shelf, Utrish region in different seasons of 2015–2019. One hundred and nine species of phytoplankton belonging to 7 divisions were found. The greatest species diversity was observed among dinophytes (57 species) and diatoms (38 species). The average values of quantitative development of planktonic algae in the study period were 2156 thousand cells/l and 126 mg/m3. The lowest values of abundance (9.3 thousand cells/l) were marked in June 2015. The highest values (4566–6644 thousand cells/l) were found in the autumn period of 2016–2017. In May-June 2017, the phytoplankton abundance (660–757 thousand cells/l) were ten times less than the maximum values. Relatively high biomass values (127–240 mg/m3) were observed in the spring and summer (May, June) of 2015 and 2017. The values of phytoplankton biomass in the autumn season (September-November) 2016–2017 (32–55 mg/m3) were the lowest for the entire study period. To the greatest extent, this was facilitated by the development of small-cell phytoplankton species. Diatoms were the dominant division of algae: on average, they made up 40 (12–99) % of the total population and 34 (7–74) % of the biomass. Dinophytes formed 24 (0.7–85) % of the total population and a significant part of 51 (24–89) % of the phytoplankton biomass. The maximum development of Emiliania huxleyi was observed in the spring-summer period of 2017, when it accounted from 42 to 71 % of total abundance and 26 to 52 % of the phytoplankton biomass.
Nauka Yuga Rossii. 2020;16(4):39-50
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SOLIDAGO CANADENSIS L. IN ABKHAZIA
摘要
Information is presented on a progressive invasive neophyte of North American origin: Solidago canadensis L., which is dangerous for the Caucasus region. The aim of this work is to study invasive populations of the species and communities with the participation of Solidago canadensis in the Abkhazia Republic. The research was carried out using standard geobotanical and population methods, using various statistical data processing techniques. It was revealed that S. canadensis naturalized in the ecosystems of the low coastal zone of the Black Sea coast of Abkhazia and is widely found in phytocenoses, forming 2 derivative communities: Solidago canadensis [Acalypho australis–Paspalion digitati / Molinio–Arrhenatheretea] and Solidago canadensis–Phalacroloma annuum [Acalypho australis–Paspalion digitati / Molinio–Arrhenatheretea]. Habitat conditions have a statistically significant effect on the parameters of plants of S. canadensis, but the factorization level is not high (10.3–46.3 %), which is explained by rather similar conditions for the species to grow in different regions of Abkhazia. Plant individuals are morphostructurally heterogeneous with each other, which indicates a high phenotypic diversity of the species populations. Most populations are thriving, which confirms the ecological optimum for S. canadensis plants in northwestern Transcaucasia. The settlement of Canadian goldenrod over the territory of Abkhazia and the adoption of stable coenotic positions in communities by species is dangerous for the ecosystems and the biodiversity of the region.
Nauka Yuga Rossii. 2020;16(4):51-62
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FEATURES OF GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT OF OPUNTIA ENGELMANNII VAR. LINDHEIMERI (CACTACEAE) IN THE SOUTH COAST OF CRIMEA
摘要
The article presents the results of studying the phenology of Opuntia engelmannii var. lindheimeri in the “Cape Martyan” Protected Area, as well as the assessment of the influence of abiotic factors (air temperature, duration of sunshine, precipitation) on the seasonal rhythms of plant development according to research data 2017–2019. It was found that in the South Coast of Crimea Opuntia species passes all phases of seasonal development, the nature of phenological development refers to extensive vegetating (185–215 days), spring-summer-autumn green plants, with a period of winter dormancy, with early spring awakening period, short period of flowering for 10–31 days (in June) and a long fruits ripening period – 53–89 days (September-November), whereas in North America, flowering occurs in June-July, fruiting in July-September. The results of dispersion, correlation and regression analyses showed that the duration of sunshine in the conditions of the South Coast of Crimea affects all phases of seasonal development, while the greatest complex influence of three factors was found for the phases “beginning of flowering” and “beginning of fruit coloring”. With further climate warming, there is a high probability of distribution of the Opuntia species at other natural zones of the Crimean Peninsula.
Nauka Yuga Rossii. 2020;16(4):63-72
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SPECIFIC FEATURES OF THE DISTRIBUTION OF MACROZOOBENTHOS IN THE DAM WATER AREA OF THE TSIMLYANSK RESERVOIR IN 2018–2019
摘要
An attempt was made to assess the impact of the extreme flood in 2018, which occurred after a long period of low water, on the bottom communities of the Priplotinny reach of the Tsimlyansk Reservoir. During the study period, 25 macrozoobenthos taxa were identified in quantitative samples. These included 23 taxa in spring 2018, 11 in spring 2019, and 13 in autumn 2019. In 2019, a significant decrease of quantitative and qualitative characteristics of macrozoobenthos was noted compared to 2018. Only the Dreissena polymorpha community remained relatively stable; however, its characteristics reached values comparable to the spring 2018 only by September 2019. At the other stations, not occupied by D. polymorpha, benthic communities were depleted in terms of both the number of species and the abundance/biomass even by September 2019. It can be assumed that the decrease in quantitative characteristics and the depletion of bottom communities, noted in 2019, is a consequence of the 2018 flood. It could be a result of washing of invertebrates off the soil surface, erosion of the upper layer and redeposition of bottom sediments.
Nauka Yuga Rossii. 2020;16(4):73-83
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NEW DATA ON THE DISTRIBUTION OF MYA ARENARIA LINNAEUS, 1758 IN THE TAGANROG BAY OF THE SEA OF AZOV
摘要
The boreal mollusk Mya arenaria Linnaeus, 1758 acclimatized to the Sea of Azov in 1977, and is found everywhere on sandy and silty ground. Until 2005, in Taganrog Bay, it was recorded in the westernmost part, forming small accumulations with a low biomass. From 2005 to 2016, it was not recorded in this area. Due to the annual increase in salinity, the distribution of the range to the east began in 2016. At the beginning of the expansion, Mya arenaria Linnaeus, 1758 was found only on the Dolgaya Spit with a biomass of 2.6 g/m2, and by 2019 it was found almost everywhere up to the Krivaya Spit with a biomass of up to 756 g/m2.
Nauka Yuga Rossii. 2020;16(4):84-87
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XVI EZhEGODNAYa MOLODEZhNAYa NAUChNAYa KONFERENTsIYa «YuG ROSSII: VYZOVY VREMENI, OTKRYTIYa, PERSPEKTIVY»
Nauka Yuga Rossii. 2020;16(4):88-89
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VSEROSSIYSKAYa OB\"EDINENNAYa KONFERENTsIYa «EKOLOGIYa. EKONOMIKA. INFORMATIKA»
Nauka Yuga Rossii. 2020;16(4):90-94
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KRUGLYY STOL «USTOYChIVOE RAZVITIE MORSKOY/SINEY EKONOMIKI V AZOVO-ChERNOMORSKOM REGIONE, ZNAChENIE MORSKOGO PROSTRANSTVENNOGO PLANIROVANIYa – 2020»
Nauka Yuga Rossii. 2020;16(4):95-97
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II MEZhDUNARODNAYa NAUChNAYa KONFERENTsIYa «ZAKONOMERNOSTI FORMIROVANIYa I VOZDEYSTVIYa MORSKIKh, ATMOSFERNYKh OPASNYKh YaVLENIY I KATASTROF NA PRIBREZhNUYu ZONU RF V USLOVIYaKh GLOBAL'NYKh KLIMATIChESKIKh I INDUSTRIAL'NYKh VYZOVOV („OPASNYE YaVLENIYa – II“)» PAMYaTI ChLENA-KORRESPONDENTA RAN D.G. MATIShOVA
Nauka Yuga Rossii. 2020;16(4):98-100
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