Free-ranging european bison – genetic pool reserve

Cover Page

Cite item

Full Text

Open Access Open Access
Restricted Access Access granted
Restricted Access Subscription or Fee Access

Abstract

The objective of the research was to protect and increase population of European bisons and to explore economically favourable effects under the new habitat conditions of the Russia’s European North. The subject of the research was purebred European bisons, inhabiting Vologda region. A high resistance of European bisons against helminthosis, flexibility and adoptability within new habitat conditions with gaining required phenotypic traits were ascertained. Oxen live weight reachs 900 kg, withers height – 180 cm, hoof width of fore limb – 100 mm, of hind limb – 80 mm. Maximum skin thickness is spotted at head front – 13 mm, at neck – 9 mm, at shoulders – 9 mm, at tarsus, basipodium, metacarpus and metapodium – up to 7 mm. The skin is thinner at abdomen and sides – up to 6mm. Hence, in terms of skin thickness European bison surpasses cattle in all body areas by 2-4 mm. In addition rich rumen microfauna is stipulated by a wide nutrition range in comparison with cattle. In Vologda region European bisons consumes more than 100 plan species. It should be noted, woody forage is used throughout the year period, making up 5% in summer period and up to 70% in winter months. Dry matter digestibility of natural diet varies 53-67.5%, while fibre digestibility riches 69%. In should be highlighted, that protein share in bison meat exceeds that in average fat cattle meat by two times. Amino acids content per 1 kilo of bison meat varies from 183.8 to 195.3 g, of which nonreplaceable amino acids are 103.9 to 117.3 g, hence, muscular tissue contains less collagen and elastin. The facts, displayed here above, signify special value of these large hoofed animals’ genetic pool, which can be used for cattle breed improvements. Species immigration anticipates not only European bison inclusion into plantivorous community of the region, but biocenosis in general. The habitat of frre-ranging European bison population in Vologda region by its natural specifications and rich forage base is viable and prospective for protected species recovery and proliferation. Climate and geographic location of the region and forage capacity provide for good living conditions as well as species’ merits exertion.

Full Text

Restricted Access

About the authors

G. A. Simonov

North-West Scientific Research Institute of Dairy and Grassland Management

Author for correspondence.
Email: gennadiy0007@mail.ru

Doctor of Agricultural Sciences

Russian Federation, Vologda, Molocnoye

I. V. Gusarov

North-West Scientific Research Institute of Dairy and Grassland Management

Email: gennadiy0007@mail.ru

doctoral student

Russian Federation, Vologda, Molocnoye

A. G. Simonov

National Research University Higher School of Economics

Email: gennadiy0007@mail.ru

candidate of economical sciences

 
Russian Federation, Moscow

E. A. Tyapugin

Krasnodar Scientific Center for Zootechnics and Veterinary Medicine

Email: gennadiy0007@mail.ru

academician of RAS

Russian Federation, Krasnodar, pos. Znamenskiy

References

  1. Маклахов А.В. От земли до молока. – Вологда – Молочное: Вологодская ГМХА, 2016. – 136 с.
  2. Уханов С.В., Столповский Ю.В., Банникова Л.В. Генетические ресурсы крупного рогатого скота: редкие и исчезающие отечественные породы. М.: Наука, 1993. – 169 с.
  3. Шумов А.В. Исследование отдаленной гибридизации Bovinae в связи с проблемой их хозяйственного использования // Дисс. … доктора биол.наук. Вологда – Молочное, 1994. – 473 с.
  4. Puzek Z., Belousova I.P., Krasinska M., Krasinski Z., Olech W. European bison (Bison bonasus): current state of the species and an action plan for its conservation // Mammal Research Institute PAS, Bialowieza. – 2002. – Р. 1-54.
  5. Сулей М., Уилкокс Б., Биология охраны природы. – М.: Мир, 1983. – 430 с.
  6. Pucek Z. History of the European bison and problems of its protection and management // Global trends in wildlife management. Krakow-Warszawa, 1991. – P. 19-39.
  7. Белоусова И.П. Значение и оценка показателей генетического разнообразия для решения проблемы сохранения европейского зубра. Монография. – Пущино: ОНТИПНЦРАН, 1999. – 109 с.
  8. European bison pedigree book EBPB. – Bialowieza, 2017. – 81 р.
  9. Прозоров А.А., Гусаров И.В. Акклиматизация зубров в Вологодской области // Животноводство на Европейском Севере: фундаментальные проблемы и перспективы развития: тезисы докладов Международной конференции Баренц Евро-Арктического региона. – 1996. – С. 111-113.
  10. Холодова М.В., Белоусова И.П. Потребление и усвоение питательных веществ и энергии зубрами (Bison bonasus L) // Зоологический журнал. – 1989. – Т. 68. – Вып. 12. – С. 107-117.
  11. Гусаров И.В., Остапенко В.А., Новикова Т.В. Факторы, обуславливающие состояние здоровья зубров популяции Севера Европейской части России // Известия Международной академии аграрного бизнеса. –2018. – Т.2. – Вып. 42. – С. 156-160.
  12. Мосенков А. Воспроизводство зубров на севере Вологодской области // Молочное и мясное скотоводство. – 2009. – №4. – С. 31-32.
  13. Тяпугин Е.А. Создание вольной популяции зубров в Северо-Западном регионе России // Доклады Российской академии сельскохозяйственных наук. – 2009. – №6. – С. 45-47.
  14. Тяпугин Е.А. Адаптация и воспроизводительная способность вольной популяции зубра в северном регионе России // Доклады Российской академии сельскохозяйственных наук. – 2012. – №5. – С. 53-54.

Supplementary files

Supplementary Files
Action
1. JATS XML

Copyright (c) 2019 Russian academy of sciences