The influence of national triggers on the formation and opposition to shadow economy institutions in Hungary in 1990-2022
- Authors: Zakharyev Y.O.1
-
Affiliations:
- MGIMO University
- Issue: Vol 7, No 1 (2023)
- Pages: 73-84
- Section: Articles
- URL: https://journals.eco-vector.com/2541-7681/article/view/606661
- DOI: https://doi.org/10.18334/tek.7.1.117085
- ID: 606661
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Abstract
The specifics of the economic course of the Hungarian government in the 1990s and early 2020s, taking into account the disapproval of a number of vectors of the policy of the European Union, are analyzed. The analysis of the specifics of shadow economy institutions in the state under the influence of the USA and the EU is given. For the first time, the role of national triggers is shown. National triggers are considered as the basis of the behavior of the society titular majority. They are also a basis for economic development and can be considered as the form of an object of manipulation by foreign countries in order to achieve actual political results. The errors of the collective West\'s cessation of national triggers in the case of Budapest within the framework of Hungary\'s membership in the EU and NATO have been pointed out. The author explains why the country is pursuing an independent policy, and Brussels and Washington have so few resources to put pressure on Budapest in the context of promoting the shadow economy and their interests in this vector of Eastern Europe.
Keywords
Hungary, European Union, Hungary's shadow economy, European Union shadow economy, national triggers, national triggers and economy, Hungary's shadow economy experience, EU and US pressure instruments, fighting the shadow economy in Hungary, international economic relations in Eastern Europe, Budapest, Hungary's open economy
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