Features of legal regulation of labor in peasant (farm) holdings

Peasant (farm) farms (hereinafter referred to as farms) occupy a key position in the economic system of the Russian Federation, forming a significant segment of agro-industrial production. In the context of modern challenges, including the processes of globalization, climate transformation and technological modernization, the regulatory and legal regulation of labor activity within the framework of farms is becoming increasingly important. The specifics of agricultural production, characterized by seasonality, dependence on natural factors, and the combination of personal and wage labor, place special demands on the legislative design of labor interactions. The relevance of the research is determined by the need to balance the interests of subjects of legal relations—both employees who require guarantees of social protection and employers interested in optimizing production processes. A special feature of the legal status of farms is the synthesis of family and contractual labor interactions, which necessitates a differentiated approach to regulation. This organizational and legal form, being an important element of the agricultural sector, requires in-depth scientific understanding due to the lack of elaboration of the theoretical basis in the domestic legal doctrine. The research is aimed at filling the existing gap through the formation of a conceptual framework for optimizing labor legislation. Farms occupy a strategically important niche in the economic structure of the Russian Federation, forming a significant share of agro-industrial production. The legal regulation of labor relations in farms is carried out through a synthesis of industry-wide labor law norms and special provisions adapted to the specifics of agricultural activities. The fundamental regulator in this area is the Labor Code of the Russian Federation (hereinafter referred to as the Labor Code of the Russian Federation), which sets universal standards for all categories of employers, including farming entities. At the same time, as the researchers note, «the human capital of rural territories remains the key resource of labor potential for the agro-industrial complex»[1].