Vol 9, No 3 (2019)

The article deals with the problem of completing the construction of buildings that have been in an unfi nished state for a number of years. Such objects need a predictive assessment of their technical condition and residual seismic resistance, which reveals the real state of structures and the need to develop engineering solutions for their strengthening. The onset of corrosion of steel cannot be stopped if the corrosion products are not completely removed from the surface of the steel elements, then they are protected with anticorrosion compounds. For structures whose condition at fi rst glance should not cause concern over the years may deteriorate. The restoration of protective coatings on steel that has started to rust may slow down the corrosion process, but not stop it. The article presents the results of a survey of the unfi nished construction of a building on the Black Sea coast with a forecast estimate of residual seismic resistance. Recommendations to strengthen the supporting structures of the building, allowing to complete the construction are developed.

The possibility of using vacuum insulation panels (VIP) with a granular filler for the manufacture of threelayer enclosing wall panels, floor slabs and coatings is considered. The results of experimental studies of vacuum insulation panels, carried out with the aim of analytically describing the deformation diagrams of VIP panels under the action of a compressive load, are presented. It has been established: deformative properties of vacuum insulation panels with granular filler do not depend on the size of the filler particles, but depend on the volume content of the filler; a deformation diagram describing the relationship between stresses and relative deformations during compression of a vacuum insulating panel with a granular filler can be approximated by the function G. B. Bülfinger. The results obtained make it possible by calculation to determine the stress state in flat plating sheets during local load transfer.

The article presents a comparative analysis of the main types of reserve fuel for boilers, including fuel oil, diesel fuel and liquefi ed petroleum gases. The main technological aspects and features of construction of fuel farms are analyzed. The economic aspects of the use of diff erent types of reserve fuel are considered. The thermal and cost costs of fuel storage and combustion are estimated. The calculation of emissions into the atmosphere of harmful substances, including nitrogen dioxide, nitrogen oxide, carbon monoxide, benzapyrene, sulfur dioxide, soot. The masses of emitt ed substances, their concentration in fractions of MPC, distances at which the maximum concentration of emissions is observed are determined. The prospects of using liquefi ed hydrocarbon gases and «Propane-Air» technology are substantiated.

An algorithm for the formation of the structure of an automated system for monitoring and accounting for thermal energy, which is a multi-level hierarchical model, is proposed. Eight three-level linear automated systems for control and accounting of thermal energy are formed in the work. To select the best structure of the automated system for monitoring and accounting for thermal energy, with a variety of measuring and computing devices on the market that diff er in measuring and transmitt ing information, the method of multi-criteria evaluation of the system effi ciency of structures is used. The obtained results allow a comparative analysis of the structures and the selection of the best one, taking into account the priorities of the decision maker.

The article discusses the possibility of using solar air collectors for heating livestock buildings. The disposable amount of solar energy in the Samara region is determined during the winter months when the outdoor temperature drops below the critical level, at which biological heat release from animals does not compensate for heat loss through outdoor fences, and a defi cit of heat in the premises for their maintenance begins. The calculation of the heat output of the solar heating system and the degree of substitution of the required heat load is given using the example of a cowhouse. Based on the calculations performed, the feasibility of using the heat of solar energy in livestock buildings is estimated. Recommendations are given on the place of installation of solar collectors on the cowhouse.

This paper presents the results of experimental studies on the intensifi cation of dehydration of mixed sediments of oil emulsion and acid-base wastewater. The study of determining the optimal doses of coagulants POLYPACS-30 LF, POLYPACS-F, POLYPACS-PFS was carried out. The properties of mixed sediments were found. The results are shown using X-ray phase and thermogravimetric analyzes on the D8ADVANCE devices of the fi rm Bruker (Germany) in Cu-K2-radiation and NETZSCHSTA 449 F1 by determining the composition of precipitation. The composition of the slag was determined using X-ray fl uorescence analysis - X-ray phase and X-ray X-ray spectral analyzes. The X-ray patt erns were taken on an automated X-ray diff ractometric equipment from ShimadzuXRD-7000S (CuKα radiation). XRF was carried out using an information retrieval system of X-ray phase identifi cation of materials (IPS FI), combining qualitative and semi-quantitative (by the method of “corundum numbers”) analysis. For semi-quantitative XRD, the method of fundamental parameters was used (wave X-ray fl uorescence spectrometer of the ShimadzuXRF-1800 company). Obtained data on the study of the properties and composition of mixed precipitation can be for the development of technology utilization.

The article describes various methods of synthesizing heat-resistant binders based on large-tonnage wastes of enterprises. The use of pyrite butts and expanded clay dust, respectively, from the Chapayevsky Chemical Plant and the expanded clay plant of the city of Samara in the compositions of heat-resistant concrete on phosphate binders allowed to increase their residual strength in the zone of critical temperatures (1300-1350 °С). The refractoriness of these phosphate binders turned out to be very low (≈1300 °С), which required the use of such a method of its increase as the introduction of fine high-alumina fillers with high melting points into the composition of the binder. It was revealed and justified that the use of an alumina-chromium petrochemical waste IM-2201 allowed to increase the refractoriness of the heat-resistant composition to 1600 °С. On the basis of the developed alumina-iron-phosphate, zirconyliron- phosphate and alumino-silicophosphate binders, the compositions of heavy concrete with chamotte and high-aluminous aggregates of grades 400 and 500 were selected.

The article describes the numerical model of the fl ow that envelops the shore protection structure in the form of a stream spur. Various from the point of view of permeability, spur body material options are considered. To model turbulent fi ltration as local resistance in the fl ow, a formula is proposed that relates the fi ltration coeffi - cient to the hydraulic resistance coeffi cient of a permeable medium. As a result of the simulation, images were obtained in the form of a planned distribution of velocities and pressures in the vicinity of the structure. The obtained materials indicate the relative position of the transit and whirlpool zones of the fl ow. Conclusions are drawn about the nature of the stream fl owing around the shore protection structure and the eff ect of fi ltration in the body of the structure on the characteristics of this stream.

The results of the study of the processes of destruction of concrete by different types of external influences obtained by the Samara school of architecture and construction Academy are considered. The process of destruction of concrete with the release of the main stages formed by the volume of the released energy of cracking is analyzed. According to researches one of groups of parameters of concrete destruction - kinetic characteristics-is offered as criteria of durability of this material. The proposed group includes such indicators as the intensity of cracking and the tendency of concrete to crack. In this case, the possibility of using the proposed characteristics is justified.

The problem of inconsistency of the life-forming environment and global trends forming algorithms in Russia is considered. Attention focused on taking into account the goals of a "green" economy and the tasks of improving the quality of life while regulating the parameters of urban planning and architectural decisions. The newest foreign concepts of ecologization had been study as an object of research. The subject of the research were theoretical approaches and innovative applied technologies that contribute to adapting the methods of architectural and town planning activities to changing environmental conditions. Identification of new ways to improve the consumer properties of the living environment has become the goal of the study. Materials and methods: an integrated approach, collection of information from literary and online sources, compilation and analysis of thematic materials. The basic information about theoretical developments discovered in domestic and foreign scientific journals. They are present on the Russian portal E-library and on ScienceDirect - the Elsevier's multidisciplinary platform. Some aspects were refined according to the information that posted on the websites of electronic libraries of a number of foreign universities and specialized research institutions. Results. Brief description of such foreign concepts as "environmental design", "appropriate technology", "life cycle assessment", "Cradle to Cradle", "lean manufacturing", "upcycling", "planned obsolescence" and "regenerative design" prepared. Analysis of publications showed that the most popular topic is the need for resource conservation. Active laboratory research, transition to BIM-technologies, economic incentive mechanisms and active popularization contribute to the introduction of innovative resource-saving developments in practice. Conclusions. Currently, various aspects of the "green" economy considered in the natural Sciences, engineering, Humanities and Economics. One of the most important tasks of the modern stage of development of urban planning and architecture in Russia is the introduction into practice of design and construction of modern technologies corresponding to the tasks of the "green" economy. In this regard, the actual direction of science researches, which are associated with the optimization of urban planning, architectural and engineering solutions, is the synchronization of the field of sectoral problems with the key issues of sustainable development.

The article highlights the problem of air pollution in large cities. Sources of pollution and the most common pollutants have been identified. Examples of leading countries with the dirtiest air are given. The estimated indicators for the risks of disease and mortality are considered. The main factors causing air pollution have been identified. Ways to solve this problem using modern technologies are proposed. Analyzed are modern facilities in which innovative methods of combating air pollution are applied, and their implementation in real and conceptual design. The conclusion is drawn on the need for an integrated approach to this topic, uniting the efforts of all countries.

The article is devoted to the problem of the rehabilitation of urban areas disturbed by industrial activity and the processes of their reconstruction and refunctionalization. There were analyzed objects that implemented in different countries and illustrated national and foreign experience. This analysis showed three principal directions of functional transformation of former or existing industrial enterprises: preservation of the production function, partial refunctionalization or full refunctionalization. Each of these principles has its own specific methods and techniques. The authors proposed a method for their classification, based on the developments of the researcher Stuart Brand. According to the results of the study, a classification has been compiled of methods for the refunctionalization of enterprises and former industrial areas of the city.

The article presents the results of socio-urban studies Department of the Institute SSUE «TerrNIIgrazhdanproekt » in Samara and Togliatt i in 2016-17. The results of the block of studies devoted to the identifi cation of transport problems in the cities-centers and the analysis of citizens ' opinion on the possible introduction of sky way string transport in Samara and Togliatt i are presented. According to a survey of Samara residents, among the problems faced by residents of the city on a daily basis, after dissatisfaction with the quality of improvement of urban areas, the most prominent are the problems of ecology and transport. The article presents the statistics of Russia's lag in the implementation of innovative technologies in diff erent spheres of life in comparison with foreign countries. The opinion of the residents of the cities-centers of the Samara-Togliatt i agglomeration is also in favor of the development of innovative transport system - three quarters of respondents in Samara and more than 60% of respondents in Togliatt i support the introduction of Sky Way string transport in their cities. The article describes the project proposals for tracing Sky Way routes in Samara and Togliatt i in the fi rst place and in the future.

An integrated approach to solving the problem of achieving the maximum effi ciency of the electrical gas cooling complex at the compressor stations of the main pipeline system is considered. It is shown that the method used in practice for discrete control of the operation modes of the cooling unit by switching on or off a certain number of fans does not always provide the required temperature conditions. The use of a cascade control system will improve effi ciency and signifi cantly reduce operating costs. The problem of creating a two-level control system is solved on the basis of structural modeling of the heat exchange process as an object with distributed parameters. With the help of decomposition of the control object into “fast” and “slow” components, the structure of a two-level control system for the linearized model of the object is developed. As a result of the application of the proposed system, a minimum of electricity consumption for gas cooling, an increase in the service life of electric drive units and an increase in the accuracy of gas temperature stabilization during the processing of external disturbances are achieved.