Vol 13, No 4 (2023)

WATER SUPPLY, SEWERAGE, CONSTRUCTION SYSTEMS FOR PROTECTION OF WATER RESOURCES

Theoretical aspects of sludge treatment schemes

Butko D.A.

Abstract

Сonsiders the stages of the life cycle of waste water from sedimentation tanks and facilities for processing wash water from fast filters: formation, compaction, dehydration and disposal. A processing model has been formed and the influencing factors on the concentration of suspended solids in each of the stages have been established. Based on the theories of sediment movement, the theory of sediment compaction prof. E.F. Kurgaev and the theory of drying acad. A.V. Lykov proposed a mathematical description of the sludge treatment scheme. The obtained results are confirmed by the choice of influencing factors on the rate of sludge dehydration and confirmed by empirically obtained results.

Urban construction and architecture. 2023;13(4):4-10
pages 4-10 views

The role of natural sorbents and piping production waste in the treatment of acid iron-containing waste water

Bryukhov M.N., Ulrikh D.V., Lonzinger T.M., Denisov S.E.

Abstract

In this article, we consider the sorption purification of production wastewater from pipe industry enterprises. We have presented and studied the potential sorbents from among natural materials and from piping production waste. The authors of this paper have studied the sorption capacity of the materials under consideration with regard to heavy metals from highly acidic iron-containing wastewater both in static and dynamic modes. The static-mode research has been conducted for various temperatures: 10°С, 20°С and 30°С. In the dynamic conditions, the filtrate flow rate equaled 0.3, 0.6 and 1.2 l/h. The authors have proven that a number of the examined materials can be used as sorbents or constituting elements of composite sorbents for the technology of wastewater treatment at pipe industry enterprises.

Urban construction and architecture. 2023;13(4):11-19
pages 11-19 views

Efficiency of nutrient removal in an oxidation ditches

Gogina E.S., Gulshin I.A., Spasibo E.V.

Abstract

Changes in legislation related to the discharge of treated wastewater lead to the need to improve the methods of its treatment. This paper presents the results of an experiment conducted on a laboratory model of an oxidation ditches in order to determine the possibility of deep biological wastewater treatment in this facility. Emphasis has been placed on the energy efficiency of the technology, in view of the trend towards lower operating costs at biological treatment plants. Based on the results of the experiment, conclusions were drawn, on the basis of which further research is planned.

Urban construction and architecture. 2023;13(4):20-27
pages 20-27 views

Substantiation of the technology of treatment of flushing water of water treatment facilities with subsequent return to the technological cycle

Teplyh S.Y., Kotovskaya E.E.

Abstract

The paper lists the existing technological schemes for the purification of flushing water of water treatment facilities; shows the results of a multifactorial central composite planning experiment with the obtained second-order correlation and regression analysis equations describing the dependence of the residual content of suspended solids on the initial content, sedimentation duration, coagulant dose when using various reagents; the recommended technological scheme for the purification of flushing water with technological calculation of the main structure.

Urban construction and architecture. 2023;13(4):38-48
pages 38-48 views

Processing, modeling, forecasting of individual indicators of surface wastewater for releases of the historical part of Samara

Strelkov A.K., Shuvalov M.V., Abashkin A.A., Teplyh S.Y., Pavluhin A.A.

Abstract

The quality of surface wastewater of a large industrial center was studied using the example of the historical center of Samara. Indicators have been identified that in the future may have a negative impact on the domestic sewage system, in particular on urban sewage treatment facilities. With the help of mathematical processing, omissions in the available data were replenished, the relationship of indicators to each other was revealed, their influence on each other, some of them were predicted. It was established that the presented data will not have a negative impact on centralized drainage systems of settlements and urban districts.

Urban construction and architecture. 2023;13(4):28-37
pages 28-37 views

HEAT SUPPLY, VENTILATION, AIR CONDITIONING, GAS SUPPLY AND LIGHTING

Study of heat and mass transfer in a channel with fins based on a triply periodic minimal surface

Popov A.I., Eremin A.V., Kechin N.N.

Abstract

Presents a methodology for studying heat and mass transfer in the channels of heat exchange devices, where fins made in the form of a Schwarz Primitive triply periodic minimal surface (TPMS) are used to intensify heat transfer. The solution of the heat and mass transfer problem is carried out using the finite element method in the Fluent module of the ANSYS software package. The work examines the influence of the initial flow velocity, as well as the thickness of the TPMS fins on the pressure loss and temperature characteristics of the flow. The study showed that TPMS fins enhance heat transfer and create turbulent flows in close to the TPMS frame. The pressure loss in the channel increases according to a power law with increasing initial flow velocity. The results obtained in this study demonstrate the potential of using TPMS in heat exchange devices and open many prospects for further research.

Urban construction and architecture. 2023;13(4):49-56
pages 49-56 views

Calculation method of the radiation efficiency of a flat radiator on the floor plane taking into account the influence of angle coefficients

Shein V.M., Krivosheev V.E., Nikitin A.A.

Abstract

To date, the existing methods for determining the angle coefficients are difficult to apply in engineering calculations. In this research paper, a new approach to the determination of angular coefficients has been proposed. Using the plane-parallel system of coordinates, basic rules and laws of physics and geometry, the procedure of determination of angular coefficients of radiation from the radiator on the ceiling plane, on the object located on the floor plane was developed and described in MS Excel program product. The research showed that the proposed calculation procedure considerably simplifies calculation operations, allows to determine required parameters with higher accuracy and design the effective model of a room with infrared heaters.

Urban construction and architecture. 2023;13(4):57-63
pages 57-63 views

ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY OF CONSTRUCTION AND URBAN ECONOMY

Determination of the design features of the device for neutralizing toxic components of flue gases

Balandina O.A.

Abstract

The influence of the boiler unit load on the area of heterogeneous reactions of the process of catalytic flue gas purification is considered. The optimal geometric characteristics of the neutralizer monolith were determined when the steam capacity of the TGME-464 boiler unit varied from 220 to 500 t/h. The calculations were performed using a mathematical model for the conditions of the operating power equipment. The optimal size of the unit cell of the catalyst block is determined in a wide range of boiler load regulation. The data obtained as a result of the study formed the basis for designing a sample of an industrial neutralizer of toxic flue gas components without the introduction of an external reagent.

Urban construction and architecture. 2023;13(4):64-68
pages 64-68 views

Research of qualitative properties of soils during construction works

Galickova U.M.

Abstract

The development of mankind leads to an increase in the number and diversity of sources of environmental pollution. In urban conditions, environmental pollution occurs due to exhaust emissions coming from various cars, leaks of fuel and lubricants coming from various equipment, etc. Analysis of the current state of urban areas shows that the highest concentration of pollutants is present in soils. The article deals with the problem of the territories of construction sites contaminated with combustible substances coming from construction equipment. Based on the conducted studies of the process of penetration of contaminants in the soil, conclusions are drawn about the permissible time interval for the elimination of contaminants. This data can also be used to eliminate leaks in oil pipelines.

Urban construction and architecture. 2023;13(4):69-75
pages 69-75 views

Aesthetic aspect of integration of devices for prevention of snow accumulation on roofs of buildings into modern urban landscape

Saulova T.A., Bas V.I.

Abstract

In the context of the dynamics of urban processes, the problem of time requirements - the need to create engineering projects that ensure sustainable urban development, remain relevant and mobile for the long term, combining innovation and aesthetics - is touched upon. As an example, the urbanistic principles of development and design of a device for preventing snow accumulation on the roofs of buildings are highlighted. Within the framework of the principle of combining aesthetics and functionality, the design features of a specially designed universal canopy are revealed, which provides not only protection of the aerodynamic route of the device, but also allows to preserve the aesthetics of the building, and even – to organically fit outdated buildings that have no historical value into the urban landscape.

Urban construction and architecture. 2023;13(4):76-82
pages 76-82 views

THEORY AND HISTORY OF ARCHITECTURE, RESTORATION AND RECONSTRUCTION OF THE HISTORICAL AND ARCHITECTURAL HERITAGE

Initial development of Cotlin island south shoreline

Granstrem M.A.

Abstract

The article considers the initial stages of developing the coastline of Kotlin Island in the first half of the 18th century. The construction of a unique system of fortifications and engineering structures and harbors for military and merchant ships was carried out according to the plan and under the leadership of Peter I. The oldest forts, the walls of the first Kotlin’s harbors, the initial docking channel, and the Italian pond were organized with the direct participation of the emperor in the period from 1704 to 1725. In the course of research, the author discovered archival materials that had not previously been introduced into scientific circulation. The article is published based on the results of a historical and cultural expertise along the southern coastline of Kotlin Island, aimed at identifying and preserving cultural heritage objects - coastal walls of harbors, fortifications and engineering structures.

Urban construction and architecture. 2023;13(4):83-89
pages 83-89 views

Responsive architecture and new approaches to the organization of environmental elements

Zolotareva M.V., Ponomarev А.V.

Abstract

This paper reviews responsive architecture, a dynamically developing aspect of design and construction, encompassing fundamental engineering and technological principles, architectural and design content, and green architecture elements to meet the needs of society and the individual. The key thesis of responsive architecture is “nothing in nature is motionless”. As part of nature’s context, the individual has the right to exist in a sustainable environment, the development of which is shaped through environmental, economic, and social aspects. Our research characterizes the key directions of responsive architecture’s development and development prospects in the context of the current technological processes and social needs. Since responsive architecture is based on synthesis, we rely on materials from various design fields (including engineering and technical solutions, mobile form-making, green architecture, etc).

Urban construction and architecture. 2023;13(4):90-98
pages 90-98 views

Modern trends in the design of tourist and recreational complexes

Kosenkova N.A., Kazakova Y.N.

Abstract

The world experience of designing and building modern tourist and recreational zones is analyzed. The most famous examples of tourist and recreational facilities of the turn of the XX - XXI centuries are given . Similar temporal, stylistic, functional and planning features of tourist complexes are classified. Based on the performed analysis, conclusions are drawn about the prevailing trends in the design of recreational areas. It is revealed that an important design concept is to minimize the negative impact on the environment, preserve the surrounding nature and its rational use. Also important and necessary is the design of tourist and recreational areas of multifunctional purpose for a wide audience of tourists and their families, the all-season operation of facilities, the creation of a holistic artistic appearance in tourist complexes.

Urban construction and architecture. 2023;13(4):99-105
pages 99-105 views

Small and medium towns of Nizhegorodskoe Povolzhie region: in search of the lost harmony. Part 1

Lisitsyna A.V.

Abstract

The modern world is characterized by a binary opposition of globalization and regionalization. The erosion of national and regional identities, historical traditions, and cultural continuity has become the reverse side of world integration. In this regard, scientific research devoted to individual regions is being activated. The article highlights historical and architectural environment of small and medium-sized towns in the Nizhegorodskoe Povolzhie region, its formation in the late 18th – early 20th centuries and its further transformation. The historical and architectural environment is interpreted as a phenomenon of the region architectural and urban culture. It is considered in the context of topical historical and theoretical problems of architecture and urban planning: problem of traditions and innovations; problem of mass and unique; problem of style and image; problem of global and identical. The first part of the article analyzes the properties of the historical and architectural environment that determined its visual harmony at the beginning of the 20th century.

Urban construction and architecture. 2023;13(4):106-114
pages 106-114 views

The concept of a new residential typology based on the principle of flexibility

Malakhov S.A., Alsayed A.M.

Abstract

Two types of urban areas belonging to conditionally unorganized and super-organized types of development are compared. The comparison is made with regard to the capacity of each type to adapt the material components and the original design solutions to the changing needs of the inhabitants. The aim of the study is to find the best strategy to implement the principle of flexibility in a new experimental residential typology of the future, while maintaining the main advantages of each type.

Urban construction and architecture. 2023;13(4):115-119
pages 115-119 views

Drawingless design (Russian Middle Ages)

Slavina T.A.

Abstract

Eight centuries of the Russian Middle Ages left great architecture, but not a single design drawing. The article examines the reasons for this fact, as well as features of the drawingless creative process and its usefulness.

Urban construction and architecture. 2023;13(4):120-125
pages 120-125 views

ARCHITECTURE OF BUILDINGS AND STRUCTURES. CREATIVE CONCEPTS OF ARCHITECTURAL ACTIVITIES

Types of residential buildings and their influence on the class of housing and on the formation of a comfortable urban residential environment

Generalov V.P., Generalova E.M.

Abstract

The article touches upon the problem of creating a comfortable, convenient urban living environment by incorporating into the structure of urban development space-planning solutions for residential buildings and complexes that are new to Russian conditions, including multifunctional ones with a rich social infrastructure. The active introduction of residential buildings and serviced residential complexes into the living environment forms the modern level of the living environment, improves the quality and comfort of living by including the required number of service elements in their space-planning structure. It is noted that the most rational placement of service elements is their integration into stylobate parts, as well as into the first and underground floors of residential buildings or complexes. Buildings and complexes that differ in the degree of saturation with service elements form new approaches to solving problems associated with both the development and classification of a “housing class” and the creation of a comfortable, convenient, high-quality urban residential environment. When developing and determining the “housing class”, it is proposed to take into account the influence of the main space-planning elements at the level of an apartment, floor, section, building or complex, courtyard space and residential area as a whole as the main factors forming the “standard class”, “comfort class”, “business class” and “elite class”.

Urban construction and architecture. 2023;13(4):126-138
pages 126-138 views

Interactive art objects as systems of attractors of the urban environment

Enyutina E.D.

Abstract

The possibility of using art objects as a system of attractors of the urban environment is investigated. The results of research on the possibility of the influence of interactive art objects through artistic means on the perception and formation of modern urban space are presented. The results of the study allow us to conclude that the demand of society for a highly artistic environment is steadily growing. The placement of interactive art objects in an urban environment justifies itself from an economic point of view, contributes to the formation and development of the aesthetic taste of the population, allows citizens to draw attention to socially significant topics.

Urban construction and architecture. 2023;13(4):139-144
pages 139-144 views

Revealing the features of international secondary education systems and their influence on the architecture of buildings of educational organizations (on the example of India)

Kuznetsova A.A.

Abstract

Secondary education is compulsory all over the world. The implementation of this educational level takes place in school buildings of various sizes and types. It seems appropriate to study the features of the educational systems of the largest countries and their impact on the architecture of the school building with the subsequent systematization of similar and distinctive features with the Russian typology of school buildings in order to find the best options for its transformation in response to changes in external influencing factors. The article discusses the features of the development of the education system in India with an emphasis on the middle level. The current regulatory documents are analyzed, the most typical examples of school buildings are given. The issue of the development of digital education in the country is highlighted.

Urban construction and architecture. 2023;13(4):145-155
pages 145-155 views

Modern technological approaches in the field of architectural organization scientific and educational centers

Marenkov K.A.

Abstract

Research and education centers are ideal places for collaboration and innovation. The use of modern technologies in the field of architectural organization of scientific and educational centers makes it possible to increase the efficiency of space use, reduce energy consumption, improve cooperation between researchers and teachers, as well as attract and retain talents. In addition, the use of new technologies can help provide more comfortable conditions for training and work, create a favorable internal microclimate and improve the environmental situation of the area, as well as create a unique architectural appearance. In general, the use of modern technologies in the formation of the architecture of scientific and educational centers contributes to the development of science, education and culture.

Urban construction and architecture. 2023;13(4):156-159
pages 156-159 views

Scientific and practical proposals in the field of architectural organization of residential buildings for social purposes in the cities of Donbass

Pestryakova E.R.

Abstract

This article is devoted to the relevance of housing construction for low-income segments of the population, creating conditions for the economic recovery of the region. The author considers various aspects of housing conditions, such as accessibility, quality, comfort, functionality. For the possibility of creating high-quality and comfortable housing conditions in the cities of Donbass, an analysis of the existing housing stock of buildings of small and medium storeys was carried out with the identification of their features in the architectural organization. The author has studied various characteristics of existing residential buildings with a further conclusion about the improvement of the housing stock of the region. The existing methods of designing mass housing construction are investigated in order to identify the main aspects that affect the quality and comfort of living. The article presents scientific and practical suggestions and recommendations in the field of architectural organization of residential buildings for social purposes.

Urban construction and architecture. 2023;13(4):160-165
pages 160-165 views

Practical foundations and methodology architectural and town-planning improvement and development of urban development facilities in the conditions of reconstruction

Radionov T.V.

Abstract

The research is aimed at solving the most important economic problems that determine the practical foundations and methodology of architectural and urban planning objects involved in the reconstruction process. Methodological approaches in the field of reconstruction of buildings and structures, including urban areas, are summarized, indicating the need to develop a comprehensive algorithm that allows the process of improving and developing architecture to be considered from a scientific and practical point of view. The author of the article has developed practical recommendations in the field of reconstruction of urban development objects and adjacent territories, based on the concept of search architectural and urban planning modeling in the development of complex project proposals.

Urban construction and architecture. 2023;13(4):166-170
pages 166-170 views

Project activities in extreme and space environments

Rakov A.P., Tankeev P.V.

Abstract

Project activity in extreme and space conditions has its own specifics and requires a special approach. Extreme and space environments are conditions that differ from normal conditions on Earth. Space environments are even more extreme, people encounter them during flights into space, on space stations and ships. Project activity in such conditions has its own characteristics and requires special knowledge and skills. For example, when designing space stations, it is necessary to take into account the effects of radiation, weightlessness and other factors. In addition to factors that are associated with physical danger to humans, it is important not to lose sight of psychological factors and features of the functioning of “space ecosystems”. Project activities in extreme and space conditions require careful preparation and planning, as well as taking into account all possible risks and problems.

Urban construction and architecture. 2023;13(4):171-176
pages 171-176 views

“Forms of free choice” and role of designer in modern design

Ratieva Y.S., Rogatina Y.V.

Abstract

This article makes a number of clarifications about how the design appeared, how it was born. It is generally accepted that the design appeared only in the 20th century, but there are objective reasons to believe that it originated much earlier. The design grew out of architecture and engineering. And the first step towards the emergence of design was the identification in the design of designed objects of the so-called “forms of free choice.” The article explains the difference between technical and artistic creativity, gives the current types of work performed by designers. The history and practice of design convincingly prove that design is not a decoration of the project, but a visually perceived creative concept and a system of author’s compositional solutions built into it and consistent with all factors of influence. Design is a serious market tool that must be actively used to improve the quality and consumer properties of domestic goods.

Urban construction and architecture. 2023;13(4):177-182
pages 177-182 views

URBAN PLANNING. RURAL SETTLEMENT PLANNING

The significance of architectural, technological and environmental aspects in building environmental certification systems

Sukhinina E.A.

Abstract

The criteria for environmental standards in construction include requirements for organizing a sustainable territory, reducing the consumption of water and energy resources, using environmentally friendly materials, rational waste management, and creating a favorable microclimate for users. The main goal is to study architectural, technological and environmental aspects in international (LEED, BREEAM) and Russian (GOST R 70346-2022, GOST R 54964-2012, KLEVER, GREEN ZOOM) systems that influence the formation of the architectural environment in Russian cities. The research methodology used is complex with mathematical analysis of requirements and their comparison. The distribution of criteria is not balanced. Engineering and technological activities predominate. It is necessary to increase the criteria for environmentally friendly architectural and planning solutions. The role of the architect in the certification of the object should be increased.

Urban construction and architecture. 2023;13(4):183-192
pages 183-192 views

Creative solution concept for urban structure sustainability development (for example: architecture and planning structure of Iranian small cities)

Kashiripoor M.M.

Abstract

Special urgency for small cities in Iran represents developing problem guiding principles of transformation and development of architectural and planning structure, as well as applied technique of its evaluation in accordance with the requirements of sustainable development. This article describes leading forms of urban development settlements and identifies common principles which influence on sustainable urban development.

The objective of this article is to assert sustainable development theories which meets city planning structure and develop a sustainability concept for Iranian small cities. This will be done through studies that were influenced by addressing a rethinking in order to emphasize adapting new trend of sustainable development which focused on city planning structure, and suitable for Iranian small cities condition. Thus, the main tasks of study could be formulated as follows: define Iranian small cities planning structure features and problems; study recent sustainability documents and related urban development forms and principles; comparative analysis; and finally suggest a creative solution for architectural and planning structure for Iranian small cities condition.

The research used the method of analysis of latest international scientific literature and documents related to urban development sustainability in order to evaluate, compare and achieve a proper solution for Iranian small cities structures sustainability. It should be noted that such kind of analysis would be done only after analyzing and identifying the features and problems of the planning structure of Iranian small cities.

Results of study: The article reveals recent sustainable urban development forms and its interpretations in modern urban development theories; demonstrates Iranian cities structure features; Iranian cities general plans problems; urban forms and design principles for achieving the goals of sustainable urban development for conditions of Iran.

The scientific novelty of research is to study recent urban sustainable development forms and principles which related to urban structures; and suggest an appropriate and suitable concept for Iranian small cities development sustainability.

Urban construction and architecture. 2023;13(4):193-202
pages 193-202 views

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