Sugar agro-industrial complex of Russia: a half-century transformation

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Abstract

The dynamics of sugar beet cultivation and granulated sugar production for the period from 1970 to 2023 was analyzed by the subjects of the Russian Federation and the municipalities. The scope and causes of the post-reform decline of the industry and the subsequent strong recovery growth were characterized. A series of maps reflecting territorial shifts in the development of the sugar agricultural and industrial complex was drawn. Five geographically non-contiguous beet farming areas were identified: Oksko-Donskoy, Yeysk-Kubansky, Srednevolzhsky, Verkhneobsky and Terskiy, their pulsating character was revealed — territorial expansion during the period of decline and compactification during the period of growth. A north-westerly shift in the concentration of sugar beet farming was exposed at different levels — within the areas and throughout the country. The relationship between yield growth and the shift of beet farming to areas with more favorable soil and climatic conditions was revealed. The dependence of territorial shifts in sugar production on the prevailing raw materials was defined: concentration in growing areas in beet dominating periods and dispersal across the country in cane dominating periods. Based on the analysis of revenue and profit dynamics, a typology of sugar factories by financial and economic condition was carried out, its gradient was revealed: the share of “exemplary” and “successful” enterprises increases from west to east. The optimal raw material zones of Russian sugar factories, considering the actual transport accessibility, were justified and mapped. The indicator of sugar beet “productivity” of the territory was introduced, it allows to assess the deficit and surplus of processing capacities for enterprises and subjects of the Russian Federation. The optimal locations of new sugar factories on the periphery of beet growing areas were estimated.

About the authors

A. N. Vasilcova

Institute of Geography, Russian Academy of Sciences

Email: vasilcova-anna@yandex.ru
Moscow, Russia

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