On the System of Watermarks Used at Various Factories of Goznak for the Manufacture of the First Paper Banknotes in the RSFSR in 1919-1922

This article was written by two specialists in the field of bonistics and is devoted to a little-studied page of the national history and the history of the production of banknotes. Both authors were directly involved in the work on the catalog «State legal tender without restrictions» (Moscow 2019). This work was one of the foundations that determined the classification of the entire Extraordinary Period (1914-1923). The purpose of the article was to show a unified system of a wide variety of watermarks used by various Goznak factories in this period. When using it, it became possible to separate individual banknotes by printing factories. Results: The very first period of production and existence of banknotes of the young Soviet Republic is analyzed. All the factories that appeared and work in those difficult conditions are indicated, with a description of the various types of money paper with which they worked. This article will be useful to historians studying money circulation, the history of the production of banknotes, collectors, experts, museum workers, and anyone interested in the production of paper money.

banknote, watermark, state banknotes, paper mills, history of money circulation