Vol 1, No 2 (2019)
- Year: 2019
- Articles: 15
- URL: https://journals.eco-vector.com/2658-4816/issue/view/4459
Articles
TRIBAL «GRADS» AS TYPE OF THE INITIAL URBANIZATION OF ANCIENT RUSSIA
Abstract
The paper is devoted to the study of the role and importance of the original Slavic and Finno-Ugric tribal centers for the period of formation of the Old Russian nation and the Old Russian state (VIII-XI centuries). The main attention is paid to the functions of these new formations and ways of their inclusion in a single Old Russian state. The problem of tribal centers is considered on the basis of modern achievements of Russian science.
Izvestiya of Samara Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences History Sciences. 2019;1(2):5-8
5-8
PROVINCIAL TOWN AND ITS CITIZENS IN THE ERA OF THE PATRIOTIC WAR OF 1812 (ON MATERIALS OF THE PROVINCES OF THE MIDDLE VOLGA REGION)
Abstract
The author considers the factors that had the greatest impact on the urban everyday life in the era of the Patriotic war of 1812 and influenced the further socio-cultural development of the cities of the Middle Volga region.
Izvestiya of Samara Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences History Sciences. 2019;1(2):9-21
9-21
TO THE QUESTION OF THE PERSONAL EXAMPLE OF OFFICERS IN BATTLE AS ONE OF THE BASIC TRADITIONS OF THE ARMY OF THE RUSSIAN EMPIRE (A BRIEF OVERVIEW)
Abstract
The article contains a brief, mainly descriptive, overview of the problem of the personal example of officers in battle as one of the basic traditions of the army of the Russian Empire in the 19th - the early 20th century.
Izvestiya of Samara Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences History Sciences. 2019;1(2):22-28
22-28
FIRES AS A FACTOR OF FORMATION OF THE URBAN ENVIRONMENT OF SIMBIRSK IN THE SECOND HALF OF XIX - THE EARLY XX CENTURY
Abstract
The authors analyze one of the key factors of urban space formation, urban fires, on the example of Simbirsk in the second half of the 19th - the early 20th century. Fires as a phenomenon were typical for many Russian towns in the considered period and often determined the directions and ways of forming the spatial and architectural organization of the town, its infrastructure and appearance. As a result of the fire of 1864, almost two-thirds of Simbirsk were burned. The so-called «big fires» in Simbirsk in 1864 and 1888 greatly contributed to the affirmation of a different, improved layout in the 1866 development plan, along with the construction of water supply, and also gave impetus to the development of stone construction: by the beginning of the XX century, the city had many private brick factories. Town development plans have been developed taking into account the need to change the spatial organization: the width of the streets and the location of sidewalks. The mandatory fire regulations were introduced in the construction of buildings and structures. In addition, the idea of fire protection measures in the construction practice was actively supported by the citizens themselves and local government, both at the national level and in Simbirsk.
Izvestiya of Samara Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences History Sciences. 2019;1(2):29-36
29-36
UNFINISHED RAILWAY LINE «SARATOV-MILLEROVO»: HISTORY AND PRESENT STATE
Abstract
The formation of the railway network in Russia in the late XIX - the early XX centuries. solved many economic, economic and strategic tasks of the state and was constantly under the scrutiny of both the authorities and society. The industrial development of the Volga region caused the need for the development of railway transport. However, the design and construction of new lines required the solution of theoretical and practical problems, posed questions, unequivocal answers to which were not always possible to give. The construction of the Saratov-Millerovo railway line was one of such serious tasks, the solution of which lasted for more than a decade, and was not fully implemented, but only partially used in the construction of the military frontline Saratov-Stalingrad.
Izvestiya of Samara Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences History Sciences. 2019;1(2):37-43
37-43
SCIENTIFIC AND EDUCATIONAL COMMUNICATION ENVIRONMENT OF THE SOVIET RUSSIA. VOLGA REGION 1917-1921
Abstract
The author examines the traditions and innovations in the scientific and educational space of the Volga region, the conditions for maintaining a high spiritual and moral level of the university communication environment, the specifics of formation of the scientific elite in the sphere of higher education (in the field of history) in a difficult period of revolution and civil war in 1917-1921, and the first steps in the ideologization of scholarly humanitarian knowledge.
Izvestiya of Samara Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences History Sciences. 2019;1(2):44-54
44-54
STAKHANOVITES AMONG THE LOGGING WORKERS IN THE PENZA REGION IN THE 1930S
Abstract
The author investigates the development of the Stakhanov movement in the forest industry of the Penza region in the years of pre-war five-year plans. The movement of advanced workers for surpassing the plans is considered in the context of the overall situation in the forest industry and the system of attracting labor force for logging. The author provides information about techniques used by the advanced workers to achieve high productivity, and discusses in detail the measures of material encouragement of workers.
Izvestiya of Samara Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences History Sciences. 2019;1(2):55-63
55-63
PRODUCTION OF AMMUNITION AT THE ULYANOVSK CARTRIDGE PLANT DURING THE GREAT PATRIOTIC WAR 1941-1945
Abstract
The article is based on the data of the documents, most of which have not previously been studied. The study sheds light on the heroic work of directorate, workers, and technical personnel of the Ulyanovsk Cartridge plant which during the Great Patriotic War was among the leading enterprises in the system of People’s Commissariat of Ammunition of the SNK USSR. The authors analyze the prerequisites of high final efficiency of the enterprise, which were based on the fast scientific and technical solution of complex production problems, mass labor heroism, skillful statement of socialist competition, and highly effective activity of Stakhanov production teams.
Izvestiya of Samara Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences History Sciences. 2019;1(2):64-70
64-70
YOUTH EMPLOYMENT CRISIS IN THE 1950S: EXPERIENCE OF SOLVING THE PROBLEM
Abstract
In the first half of the 1950s, the USSR was clearly in a difficult situation with vocational training and employment of high school graduates. Based on the new archival materials the paper reveals the causes for the crisis of youth employment and overviews proposed solutions of the problem. Particular attention is paid to the analysis of youth attitudes towards obtaining a specialty and work in the industry.
Izvestiya of Samara Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences History Sciences. 2019;1(2):71-82
71-82
FACTORY IN THE GARDEN: HUMANITARIAN ACTIVITIES OF THE CADBURYS, SECOND HALF OF THE XIX - EARLY XX CENTURY
Abstract
Cadbury chocolate factory was one of the world-known British family firms. The author analyses some aspects of professional and charity work of members of the Cadbury family, the establishment of the factory and model village in Bournville in particular, and shows, how their Quaker principles influenced the development of Cadbury’s enterprise.
Izvestiya of Samara Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences History Sciences. 2019;1(2):83-91
83-91
RUSSIA’S PARTICIPATION IN THE SOLUTION OF PAN-EUROPEAN ISSUES ON THE ISLANDS OF THE AEGEAN SEA AND THE STATUS OF THE NORTHERN EPIRE IN THE FIRST HALF OF 1914
Abstract
The article is devoted to the role of Russia in solving an important problem in European international relations on the status of the islands of the Aegean Sea and the related issue of the status of the Northern Epirus. In the course of the study, the authors of the article concluded that in the process of solving the island issue in the first half of 1914, Russia failed. Nevertheless, the active participation of Russia, despite some contradictions on this issue with its ally Entente England, was aimed at maintaining peace in the region. The material cited in the article shows the active struggle of Russia for a potential ally in the Balkans and in Europe against the Triple Alliance.
Izvestiya of Samara Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences History Sciences. 2019;1(2):92-99
92-99
SISTERS OF MERCY ON THE FIRST WORLD WAR: ON MATERIALS OF THE AUTODOCUMENTARY TEXTS
Abstract
The article deals with the diaries of the sister of mercy, Yulia Vladimirovna Boutorova (1885-1946), recorded in 1914-1916 on the South-Western front, and published memoirs of the participants of the World War I. On the basis of auto-documentary sources, the author examines the composition of the sisters of wartime, the young women’s motives for the admission to the sanitary service. The features of the diary as a historical source allowed us to analyze how the perception of Julia Boutorova and her environment changes in extreme conditions. The author also managed to identify a significant number of persons mentioned by the author in the diary and to partially trace their post-war fate.
Izvestiya of Samara Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences History Sciences. 2019;1(2):100-108
100-108
THE SETTLEMENT OF MALOYULDASHEVO I: CERAMIC COMPLEX OF NEOLITHIC AND ENEOLITHIC
Abstract
The article is devoted to the results of a comprehensive study of Neolithic and Eneolithic ceramics discovered during the excavations of the Maloyuldashevo I settlement in the Orenburg region. It contains the results of morphological grouping of the material as well as technical and technological analysis of ceramics, which were carried out within the framework of historical and cultural approach according to A.A. Bobrinsky’s method. The method is based on binocular microscopy, trasology, and experiment in physical modeling. 23 samples of ceramics (conventionally separate vessels) were subjected to technological analysis. They come from the cultural layer of the settlement and belong to the Elshanka and Volga-Ural (or Middle Volga) Neolithic cultures, as well as the Ivanovka type of Samara Eneolithic culture. The authors describe the morphology of ceramics and pottery technology, discusse the spread of Neolithic pottery traditions, as well as their mixing.
Izvestiya of Samara Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences History Sciences. 2019;1(2):109-117
109-117
DEPENDENT ETHNOSOCIAL GROUPS IN NOMADIC AND SEMI-SETTLED COMMUNITIES: SIMILARITY OR COMMUNICATION (ON THE EXAMPLES OF THE TURKS-YURYUKS AND TYURKS OF LOWER VOLGA AREA, THE MIDDLE OF 16th - THE EARLY 19th CENTURY)
Abstract
The article is devoted to the problem of the understanding the principle «Our - Alien», mainly among the nomads from the different regions of the «Old World» who transited to a settled way of life. The main discussing problem is the relations between ruling and prestigious ethnic-social groups of the former nomadic communities and the subaltern groups which often have a different ethnic origin and a specific «alien traditional» appearance. The author concentrates on the phenomena of «dependence» and «prestigious subjection», along with some theoretic aspects of the so-called «potestas» (pre-politician and inner semi-politician) organization of nomadic and seminomadic societies. The second important principle considered is the principle of possible «ethnic-social upward mobility» of subalterns or «elevation of former dependence». The article provides some examples (based on archival and field studies) of the traditional ethno-cultural communities from the middle of the 16th century to the present times; they reflect the situation in the Lower Volga region which became part of Russia, compared with the situation in the Balkans which were dependent on the Ottoman Empire.
Izvestiya of Samara Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences History Sciences. 2019;1(2):118-124
118-124
ETNIChESKOE I RELIGIOZNOE MNOGOOBRAZIE ROSSII / POD RED. V.A. TIShKOVA, V.V. STEPANOVA. IZDANIE 2-E, ISPRAVLENNOE I DOPOLNENNOE. M.: IEA RAN, 2018. 561 S
Izvestiya of Samara Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences History Sciences. 2019;1(2):125-134
125-134