卷 4, 编号 1 (2022)

The object of the research is the differentiation of traditional Orient and Western cultures. The aim is to explicate the determinants of its fundamental differences. The article is devoted to solving such a problem as identifying the parallelism of Eastern/Western differences in such different areas as moral consciousness, the type of philosophizing, religious, language systems (grammatical constructions, in particular), etc. The result obtained is the holistic model of differentiation of traditional cultures, which allows a deeper understanding of their specificity, mechanisms of mutual influence, as well as modeling the ways of their modern interaction, taking into account the autochthonous features of both.

As it is settled in the texts of The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, there are three components to the traditional epistemological “tripartite” analysis of knowledge (the “JTB” analysis). According to this, it is justified, true belief that makes the necessary and sufficient conditions for mental state to be called knowledge.

Thus S knows that p iff: p is true; S believes that p; S is justified in believing that p.

Without questioning this, we emphasize: the encyclopedic articles treat upon “propositional knowledge”, and only about it. Epistemological analysis, although scrupulous, does not cover all types of knowledge; moreover, in fact it does not examine the generic concept of knowledge which rises above all three “JTB” explicands; that is, in general, knowledge as such is not determined by means of “JTB” features, being neither true, nor justified as true, not even synthesized with belief.

The qualitative theory was the completion of the classical and the transition to modern mathematics. This is not only new mathematics, but new mathematics in physics, economics, and humanities. It has transformed the face of mathematics itself and the scope of its applications. Qualitative methods have touched our understanding of the world by raising questions about the foundations of scientific knowledge.

The phenomenon of technology is considered in the context of its presence in natural and artificial ecosystems. Accordingly, the features of the evolution of technology under the influence of the co-evolutionary model of human life, developed under the impression of the growing risks of destruction of the dynamic balance of the biosphere, are revealed. It also describes the features of the evolution of technology in artificial ecosystems based on convergent technologies. The possibilities of pairing the priorities of minimizing the anthropogenic pressure of the technosphere on the biosphere with smart technologies are analyzed.

The paper traces the creative evolution of Wittgenstein in the direction from the «Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus», interpreted by us as a finite theory that claims to complete philosophy, to «Philosophical Investigations» with their concept of «language games», which are characterized by fundamental transfiniteness. It is indicated that Wittgenstein in his work overcomes the time frame of the modern era, evolving in the direction of postmodernism.

The work is dedicated to understanding methodological problems of philosophy development in modern socio-economic conditions considering the factor of “digital philosophy” and “homo digital” formation.

At each stage of human and social development, the set of methodological concepts of the cognition philosophy has been modified in the view of the environment, created by the predecessors, and the influence on its content not only of philosophy but also of the social culture.

Only a general concept of the cognition philosophy in synthesis with the integral parts of traditional gnoseological theory and modern epistemological developments can develop a methodological basis for a society’s effective exploitation of the digital age achievements.