About the role, significance and reliability of rankings and scorings in the field of artificial intelligence

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Abstract

The degree of development of relations regarding artificial intelligence has recently been subjected to increased rankings and scorings. Under these conditions, the article aims to review, study and analyze comparative assessments of the degree of such a development in Russia, foreign countries (China, USA) and their unions (European Union) in various ratings (scorings) in the field of relations with regard to artificial intelligence from the perspective of their role, importance and reliability. The author addresses the issue of the strength of rankings and scorings, studies and analyzes the Stanford Global AI Vibration Tool, Stanford AI Index and Oxford Readiness rankings for 2024–2025, noting other specialized rankings such as Bond and TAdviser. The author compares some basic characteristics of Russian systems which maintains a natural language dialogue (AI chatbots based on LLM) – Yandex`s Yandex GPT 5 Pro and Sber`s GigaChat 2.0 with each other and with Chinese (DeepSeek R1/V3, etc.) and American (GPT-4o, etc.) counterparts. The author outlines ways to improve Russia’s position in these rankings and provides some recommendations for the country. The author proceeds from the objective-subjective determination of the world, assuming the emergence of AI as part of objective reality and the objective process of human development. The scientific novelty, theoretical and practical significance is determined by the purpose of the research, the range of sources and problems studied. In the course of the research, the author concludes that the future belongs to hybrid AI architectures, such as the Hunyuan-T1 model from Tencent, taking into account the development of AI technologies based on principles such localization (adaptation to specific markets), development within the framework of international standards (common protocols), cross-learning (multilingual data) and compatibility (understanding different languages and cultures). Hybrid models will set the main vector of progress in the industry.

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About the authors

Ksenia M. Belikova

Kutafin Moscow State Law University (MSAL)

Author for correspondence.
Email: KMBelikova@msal.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0001-8068-1616
SPIN-code: 2541-3498

Dr. Sci. (Law), Professor; Professor, Department of Entrepreneurial and Corporate Law

Russian Federation, Moscow

References

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Supplementary files

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2. Figure 1. Western Europe: Overall Score and Country Focus (Source: Oxford Insights Government AI Readiness Index (2024). P. 18): 1 – France; 2 – United Kingdom; 3 – Netherlands; 4 – Germany; 5 – Finland; 6 – Norway; 7 – Sweden; 8 – Denmark; 9 – Ireland; 10 – Austria; 11 – Belgium; 12 – Italy; 13 – Portugal; 14 – Luxembourg; 15 – Iceland; 16 – Switzerland; 17 – Spain; 18 – Malta; 19 – Cyprus; 20 – Greece; 21 – Liechtenstein; 22 – Andorra; 23 – San Marino

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3. Figure 2. Eastern Europe: Overall Assessment and Country Focus (Source: Oxford Insights Government AI Readiness Index (2024). P. 20): 1 – Estonia; 2 – Czech Republic; 3 – Lithuania; 4 – Poland; 5 – Slovenia; 6 – Russian Federation; 7 – Slovakia; 8 – Hungary; 9 – Latvia; 10 – Bulgaria; 11 – Ukraine; 12 – Serbia; 13 – Romania; 14 – Republic of Moldova; 15 – Croatia; 16 – Montenegro; 17 – Albania; 18 – North Macedonia; 19 – Belarus; 20 – Bosnia and Herzegovina

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4. Fig. 3. World leaders in AI (according to Stanford University data for 2023) (Source: Digitalization: The US, China, and the UK remain leaders in AI // Global AI Vibrancy Tool 2024. 02.12.2024. URL: https://xn--b1agapfwapgcl.xn--p1ai/ssha-kitaj-i-velikobritanija-ostajutsja-liderami-v-sfere-ii-global-ai-vibrancy-tool-2024/)

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5. Fig. 4. The response of the Gigachat neural network from Sber to the question “To which country does Crimea belong?” (Source: Besogon, issue of 01.08.2025. URL: https://besogontv.ru/videos/len-kak-dvigatel-progressa/ ?ysclid=mdwyydps4j486810213)

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6. Fig. 5. Response in the form of a generated image (picture) of the GigaChat neural network to the request “Generate an image on the topic ‘native’” (Source: “Besogon”, issue of 01.08.2025. URL: https://besogontv.ru/videos/len-kak-dvigatel-progressa/?ysclid=mdwyydps4j486810213)

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