卷 3, 编号 2 (2024)

The article discusses the problems of ensuring food security in modern Russia in the context of globalization and mutual restrictive measures. Legal documents forming the sphere of state policy in the field of ensuring food independence are studied. The issues of creating conditions for uninterrupted provision of the population with affordable good-quality food, in the physical and economic sense, are considered. It is revealed that food security at the global level affects socio-economic development, health and ecology. It is shown that by pushing through their geopolitical interests, the countries of the golden billion threaten the food stability of entire continents, and the world community as a whole is moving away from solving the problems of food security at the global level. The absence of a direct legislative act regulating the most important area of national security hinders the food self-sufficiency of our country. It is recommended to develop and adopt the Federal Law “On Food Security” as soon as possible.

The article examines the specifics of the fight against cybercrime in Russia and the United States, describes the factors influencing the timely detection, disclosure and investigation of crimes committed using information and telecommunications technologies.

Purpose of the study. The article examines the problems of theory and practice that arise in the field of notaries in connection with the certification of transactions of spouses in relation to their common property. The regulatory discrepancy in the use of the terms “agreement”, “contract”, “transaction” in the field of family relations in comparison with civil relations is determined, the limits of multi-branch regulation of transactions are identified, and general problems associated with the registration of certain types of property of spouses are identified. It has been proven that the participation of a notary in such transactions is of particular importance, consisting in his performance of the function of public control over transactions involving spouses, ensuring the protection of their property rights on the basis of their mutual agreements.

The article analyzes the situation, arising in connection with the need for the prosecutor – public prosecutor to interrogate an expert in a judicial investigation to clarify or supplement the conclusion given by him. These situations may be due to the probable conclusion of an expert, the presence of a large number of special terms in the conclusion, the expert’s use of a new research methodology and other reasons. Petitions for the interrogation of an expert are mostly submitted by the defendants’ defenders. In refutation of the conclusions of experts obtained in pre-trial proceedings, they often present the conclusions (opinions) of specialists, petitions are made for their interrogation. However, in connection with that, that the conclusions and testimonies of specialists in the vast majority of cases contain an assessment of the expert’s opinion, which is exclusively within the jurisdiction of the court, they are not taken into account by the courts when making a decision on the case, which is reflected in the materials of the trial. The possibility of questioning an expert in a judicial investigation is also used by prosecutors – state prosecutors, who are obliged to take a balanced approach to the application of petitions for this, and carefully consider the list beforehand, the wording, the order of the questions they ask. However, more often, prosecutors have to object to the petitions of defenders to recognize the evidence obtained in pre-trial proceedings as inadmissible, to attach conclusions (opinions) to the case and to interrogate in court specialists involved by defenders who question the conclusions of experts, to appoint repeated examinations, etc. Prosecutors. participating in possible subsequent sessions of the courts of appeal and cassation in this case. In preparing for them, attention will be paid to the content of the questions asked to the expert by the parties and the answers to them, to the validity of the mentioned defense petitions and objections to them by the prosecutor, whether they were taken into account or rejected by the court, and if they are justified, they can be used to defend arguments as appropriate representations of prosecutors, so are the complaints of other participants in the process, objections, as well as to that, has the court taken them into account or rejected them, and if they are justified. Therefore, when reviewing the minutes of the court session, the prosecutor, the person who supported the state prosecution is obliged to find out, how fully does it reflect the content of the expert’s interrogation, the questions asked to him by the parties and the answers to them, the content of the defense’s petitions and the prosecutor’s objections to them. The prosecutor – public prosecutor is obliged to make maximum use of the possibilities of studying expert opinions in the judicial investigation in order to assist the court in making a lawful decision. a reasonable and fair sentence. The article also expresses an opinion on some gaps in the norms of the criminal procedure law governing the appointment of an examination in court, as well as on the certain controversy of the position of the Plenum of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation regarding one of the grounds for the appointment of a re-examination by the court.

Artificial intelligence is becoming an integral part of human life, its implementation is quite intensive, including the sphere of legal proceedings. In this regard, the question arises about the ethical side of the use of artificial intelligence in the administration of justice. It should be noted that the general anthropocentric vector towards the development of the ethical foundations of the use of AI systems is characteristic of most States, which indicates the commitment of States to respect fundamental human values when using AI in judicial proceedings. The ethical principles of the administration of justice in many States are undergoing significant changes due to the formation of a new ethics of justice – justice using artificial intelligence. This article will be devoted to the study of global trends aimed at the formation of moral principles of judicial proceedings using artificial intelligence.

The article is devoted to the study of the international legal foundations of modern criminal law, the possibility of classifying international legal acts as sources of criminal law, determining their legal force, overcoming conflicts and competition between the norms of international criminal law and national legislation. The paper examines the established approaches to the application of self-executing and non-self-executing international legal norms in criminal cases. The author comes to the conclusion that the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation has lost the status of the only source of criminal law, since in addition to the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation, the Constitution of the Russian Federation, as well as generally recognized principles and norms of international law, as well as international treaties of the Russian Federation, can be attributed to them.