The severity of COVID-19 is accompanied by a change in the expression of the surface marker CD38 in T lymphocytes and NK cells

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Abstract

BACKGROUND: COVID-19 mediates activation of immunocompetent cells. Little is known about the phenotypic marker CD38 on the surface of T and NK cells and its association with the severity of COVID-19.

AIM: To analyze the distribution of the surface marker CD38 in subsets of T and NK cells at the different stages of their differentiation in the groups of patients with COVID-19 and convalescents, and to reveal the relationship between the level of CD38 expression in subpopulations of T and NK cells with the severity of COVID-19.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from patients and donors were isolated using ficoll density gradient followed by cytofluorimetric analysis of the surface markers: CD3, CD56, CD38.

RESULTS: In PBMC samples the level of CD38 expression on NK cells (CD3–CD56+), including CD56bright and CD56dim subsets, as well as on T lymphocytes, differentiating conventional CD56–(CD3+CD56–) and NKT-like (CD3+CD56+) cells, were analyzed. Among CD56– T cells and NKT-like cells the highest levels of CD38 expression were registered in the groups of patients of moderate severity and convalescents, and, in contrast, the decreased CD38 levels were detected in the group of patients from the intensive care unit.

CONCLUSIONS: The findings suggest that the level of CD38+ T cell in COVID-19 may be of use as diagnostic value.

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About the authors

Julia D. Vavilova

Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences

Author for correspondence.
Email: juliateterina12@gmail.com
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-9075-218X

Junior Research Associate

Russian Federation, Moscow

Anna A. Boyko

Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences

Email: boyko_anna@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-8996-2905

Cand. Sci. (Biol.), Research Associate

Russian Federation, Moscow

Maria A. Streltsova

Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences

Email: mstreltsova@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-5403-0753
Scopus Author ID: 57077066400

Cand. Sci. (Biol.), Research Associate

Russian Federation, Moscow

Sofya A. Kust

Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences

Email: sonya.erokhina@gmail.com
ORCID iD: 0000-0001-6365-0279

Cand. Sci. (Biol.), Junior Research Associate

Russian Federation, Moscow

Gaukhar M. Yusubalieva

Federal Research and Clinical Center of Specialized Medical Care and Medical Technologies FMBA of Russia

Email: gaukhar@gaukhar.org
ORCID iD: 0000-0003-3056-4889
Scopus Author ID: 16041151500

MD, Cand. Sci. (Med.), Senior Research Associate

Russian Federation, Moscow

Oksana N. Novikova

Federal Research and Clinical Center of Specialized Medical Care and Medical Technologies FMBA of Russia

Email: Novikova_oksana_@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0003-2779-0383

MD, Cand. Sci. (Med.), Head of the Therapeutic Department

Russian Federation, Moscow

Anna G. Sotnikova

Federal Research and Clinical Center of Specialized Medical Care and Medical Technologies FMBA of Russia

Email: sotnikoffaa@gmail.com

MD, Cand. Sci. (Med.), Head of the Department of Pulmonology

Russian Federation, Moscow

Mikhail V. Bychinin

Federal Research and Clinical Center of Specialized Medical Care and Medical Technologies FMBA of Russia

Email: drbychinin@gmail.com
ORCID iD: 0000-0001-8461-4867
Scopus Author ID: 57221999178

MD, Cand. Sci. (Med.), Head of the Department of Resuscitation and Intensive Care

Russian Federation, Moscow

Rustam N. Ischakov

Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences

Email: Rustam110798Rus@gmail.com

Student

Russian Federation, Moscow

Alexander M. Sapozhnikov

Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences

Email: amsap@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-4934-677X
Scopus Author ID: 7006548229

Dr. Sci. (Biol.), Professor, Head of the Laboratory of Cellular Interactions

Moscow

Elena I. Kovalenko

Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences

Email: lenkovalen@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0001-8119-8247
Scopus Author ID: 7102778244
ResearcherId: S-2086-2016

Cand. Sci. (Biol.), Senior Research Associate

Russian Federation, Moscow

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Supplementary files

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1. Fig. 1. Gating strategy for cell subpopulations in flow cytometry data analysis

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2. Fig. 2. Proportion of CD38+ cells in the populations of CD56– T cells (a) and NKT-like cells (b) in the group of the intensive care unit (ICU) (n = 19), moderate patients (n = 24), convalescents (n = 29) and healthy volunteers (n = 28). n is the number of volunteers in the group. * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001

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3. Fig. 3. Proportion of CD38+ cells in populations of NK cells (a), CD56bright NK cells (b) and CD56dim NK cells (c) in the group of: intensive care unit (ICU) patients (n = 19), moderate patients (n = 28), convalescents (n = 33) and healthy volunteers (n = 28). n is the number of volunteers in the group. * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001

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