Vol 3, No 1S (2021): Supplement

Научно-практическая конференция «Охрана окружающей среды. Оценка экологических рисков при обращении отходов радиофармацевтических лекарственных препаратов» прошла в Санкт-Петербургском химико-фармацевтическом университете в очном формате. Организаторами ее выступили: кафедра промышленной экологии Санкт-Петербургского государственного химико-фармацевтического университета, Российская экологическая академия и Северо-Западный институт медико-биологических проблем и охраны окружающей среды.

The article presents a brief history of the emergence and development of Radiation Medicine. This branch of medicine, being at the junction of medicine, physics and chemistry, goes back to the days when the major scientific discoveries were made. Targeted Radionuclide Therapy, known as ‘Magic Bullet’, has been intensively developed. The list of β-emitting radionuclides used for the treatment of various diseases is expanding. New α-emitting radionuclides have also been involved in the therapy. Russian medicine, albeit with a delay, is following the same path. Targeted radionuclide therapy and the drugs used for it are becoming more and more relevant.

The development of radiation medicine in the Russian Federation has resulted in the improvement of the regulatory and methodological framework for radiation safety regulation. The main obstacle for the development of radionuclide therapy in the Russian Federation is the liquid radioactive waste management (mainly urine and faeces of patients) generated during radionuclide therapy on an ambulatory basis (day patient department). The paper presents a brief analysis of the current domestic and international regulatory liquid radionuclide waste management documents. It has been shown that there is no strategy for solving the problem of utilizing biological waste from patients during radionuclide therapy. Long-term task for ensuring the sanitary and epidemiological well-being of the population of the Russian Federation could be the solution for the problem.

Malignant tumors remain the most important public health problem in the world, being the second or even the leading cause of death in some countries. Cancer incidence is greatly influenced by the ever-increasing environmental hazards. Population-based Cancer Registries (PCRs) provide necessary data to monitor and assess cancer incidence. PCRs collect obligatory data on incidence rate with time series analysis, mortality and survival rates in patients diagnosed with malignant tumors. The study presents the results of the operation of PCRs as exemplified in the analysis of the PCR of Saint Petersburg and the Northwestern Federal District of the Russian Federation.

The report presents the results of a review and discussion on providing qualified personnel for radiation medicine facilities and suggests approaches to personnel training. Qualified personnel availability comes first among the principles of quality control of radiopharmaceuticals (RP), supply of modern equipment, access to up-to-date regulatory documents, validated control methods and the organization of internal audit system. Also, radiation medicine facilities workers are inevitably exposed to harmful hygienic factors of the working environment throughout the entire life cycle of RP: the development, testing, production and civil circulation. Nuclear and radiation medicine facilities place the environment at risk of negative impact. Highly qualified specialists (responsible parties) should have knowledge, skills and abilities provided by special basic education are required to assess sanitary, hygienic and environmental risks and to comply with the quality management system requirements for the stable operation of radiation medicine facilities.

To date, radiopharmaceutical preparations (RP) are subject to the same production and quality control requirements as non-radioactive pharmaceuticals. Although there are specific requirements for the production of RP, which complicate the fulfillment of some general requirements. For example, it is allowed to release radiopharmaceutical preparations containing some short shelf-life radionuclides for use before the completion of quality control test. This makes it difficult to work with deviations, going beyond the specification limits. There is a number of issues with validation. It is difficult to perform the Media Fill Test due to low volume production of RP. All these problems need to be addressed.

The article describes the applying of pharmaceutical terminology in the Environmental Safety area and the reasons for the emergence of multiple concepts. The study was based on the definitions approved in the scientific industry and in the regulatory documents of the Russian Federation, the EAEU and the EU. It has been found that it is still not possible to unify the existing variations of the terms. Nevertheless, it is necessary to develop a manual, which will provide guidelines on the use of certain terms.

The study was carried out to determine the radioprotective and therapeutic efficacy of the complex use of the feed additive DAFS-25k and iodophore preparation Monclavit-1. It has been shown that a dose of 7.0 Gy of ¹³⁷Cs γ-radiation at the exposure power of 0.99 Gy/min induces severe acute radiation injuries in rats. However, with the intragastric administration of the DAFS-25k oil soultion three hours before exposure to γ-radiation, followed by aqueous solution of Monclavit-1 18 hours later, the lethality of irradiated animals has reduced to 30% versus 80% in controls. The frequency of gastrointestinal syndrome manifestations has also reduced to 40-50% versus 100% in controls.

Biogenic pollution around the world is constantly increasing. To create a full-fledged and favorable habitat, it is important to use waste-free technology, which includes the technologies for domestic and agricultural wastewater treatment.

The article presents a wastewater treatment facility developed by specialized enterprises from Saint Petersburg and Moscow. Based on the use of physicochemical and baromembrane treatment method combination, it has provided a sufficient degree of wastewater treatment to be discharged into fisheries. This facility ensures a short payback period for the project.