卷 25, 编号 1 (2021)

Worldwide, there is a high rate of growth in the incidence of diabetes mellitus. In the Russian Federation, the prevalence of diabetes is also high. According to some data, the number of patients with this disease in the Russian Federation can reach at least 9 million people (about 6% of the population).

The most dangerous consequences of the global epidemic of diabetes mellitus are the development of its systemic vascular complications-nephropathy, retinopathy, lesions of the main vessels of the heart, brain, and arteries of the lower extremities.

To prevent the development of complications of diabetes mellitus, its timely diagnosis is extremely important. Primary care physicians play a key role in early detection of diabetes.

In this lecture, the risk factors for the development of diabetes mellitus, prevention of this disease, diagnostic approaches that allow timely detection of diabetes mellitus and start its treatment are considered. Diagnostic criteria for various disorders of the glycemic profile are presented. The role of glycated hemoglobin as a diagnostic criterion for diabetes mellitus is noted.

引言。老年衰弱综合征的患病率取决于用于识别它的模型、年龄、经济状况、社会地位以及研究人群中的男女比例。不同人群不同模型对老年虚弱综合征的诊断价值不尽相同。

这项研究的目的是用四种不同的诊断模型来评估老年衰弱综合征的患病率，以及其对识别依赖外来帮助的个体的敏感性。

材料和研究方法。随机抽样611名65岁及以上老人。所用模型有：“年龄不是问题”模型、骨质疏松性骨折脆弱指数（SOF Frailty Index, Study of Osteoporotic Fractures Frailty Index）、格罗宁根脆弱指标、弗里德模型。评估参数：营养状况、贫血、功能状态、抑郁、痴呆、慢性病、握力、身体功能水平。

结果。利用表型模型确定的老年衰弱综合征的患病率在16.6%到20.4%之间，而缺陷累积模型的患病率为32.6%。老年衰弱综合征，无论是哪种类型，都与主要老年综合征的患病率增加有关：尿失禁、听力和视力下降、身体功能水平下降、营养不良和营养不良风险、认知能力下降和对外来帮助的依赖（p < 0.05）。确定依赖外来帮助的人的“年龄不是问题”模型、软脆指数和格罗宁根问卷的模型阴性预测值为86-90%。

结论。老年衰弱综合征的患病率（取决于应用的模型）为16.6-32.6%。“年龄不是问题” 模型、软脆指数及格罗宁根脆弱指标诊断模型对识别功能减退的个体有很高的阴性预测价值。无论何种模型，老年衰弱综合征与主要老年综合征的发生率增加密切相关。