Vol 2, No 3 (2022)

Editorials

Editorial note

Sayganov S.A.
Cardiac Arrhythmias. 2022;2(3):5-6
pages 5-6 views

Reviews

2022 Esc Guidelines for the Management of Patients with Ventricular Arrhythmias and the Prevention of Sudden Cardiac Death: What is New?

Novikova T.N., Novikov V.I., Sayganov S.A., Shcherbakova V.A.

Abstract

The review presents new indications to help with diagnosis and treatment of ventricular arrhythmia (VA) in patients with various etiologies of rhythm disturbances, including patients with coronary artery disease, cardiomyopathies, channelopathies, inflammatory heart disease, neuromuscular disease, and congenital heart defects. Algorithms for diagnostic evaluation at first presentation with VAs in patients without known cardiac disease are given.

Cardiac Arrhythmias. 2022;2(3):7-30
pages 7-30 views

Original Research

Incidence of Coronary Embolism in Group of Patients with Atrial Fibrillation and Myocardial Infarction

Soloveva M.V., Boldueva S.A.

Abstract

Embolic myocardial infarction (EMI) is more common than gets to be diagnosed. EMI is often associated with atrial fibrillation (AF). The incidence of this pathology, prognosis and treatment tactics remain unclear.

AIM: To assess the incidence of EMI among patients with myocardial infarction (MI), genesis of coronary embolism (CE), initial characteristics, treatment and prognosis in group of patients with EMI.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: The group of patients with EMI was selected among 1989 patients with MI admitted to the cardiology department of the North-Western State Medical University named after I.I. Mechnikov between 2013 to December 2019. The CE verification criteria were the SUITA criteria. Statistical data processing was carried out using the SAS program.

RESULTS: 16 cases of EMI were registered (0.8% of all MI and 4.3% of patients with MI and AF). 68.7% (95% CI = 41.5%–88.9%) of patients with EMI had AF. All patients with EMI and AF did not have adequate anticoagulant therapy before admission. Among patients with EMI, men predominated, they were younger, had fewer comorbidities than patients with MI and without AF. 13 of 16 patients with EMI were prescribed anticoagulants. During hospitalization, the composite endpoint (pulmonary embolism + stroke + cardiovascular death) was recorded in 25% (95% CI = 7.3%–52.2%), in the long-term period — in 30% of cases (95 % CI = 6.7–65.2). All these patients had AF. EMI in patients with AF was associated with the development of severe chronic heart failure (CHF) by the time of discharge and with decompensation of CHF in the long-term period.

CONCLUSIONS: EMI often occur in group of patients with AF, always in the absence of adequate anticoagulant therapy. Patients with EMI and AF have a worse prognosis due to recurrent thromboembolic events.

Keywords: anticoagulants; atrial fibrillation; coronary embolism; embolic myocardial infarction; prognosis; thrombaspiration.

Cardiac Arrhythmias. 2022;2(3):31-38
pages 31-38 views

Factors Associated with a Positive Hemodynamic Response to Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy

Nechepurenko A.A., Ilov N.N., Zorin D.A., Romantcov E.I., Palnikova O.V.

Abstract

AIM: This study aimed to conduct a comparative analysis of clinical, electrocardiographic, and echocardiographic factors in patients with chronic heart failure (CHF) with different hemodynamic responses to cardiac resynchronization (CRT) to assess the possibility of their use in predicting the positive effect of CRT.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study included 136 patients with New York Heart Association grade 3–4 CHF with a left ventricular ejection fraction of ≤ 35%, QRS duration of ≥ 150 ms, QRS duration of 130–149 ms, and QRS morphology of left bundle branch block (LBBB). For CHF treatment and primary prevention of sudden cardiac death, a cardioverter-defibrillator with CRT (CRT-D) function was implanted. The enrolled patients were followed up prospectively for 1 year to record the endpoint, namely, hemodynamic response to CRT, assessed by a decrease in the end-systolic volume of the left ventricle by ≥ 15%.

RESULTS: During the 1-year follow-up, the primary endpoint was registered in 62 (46%) patients. With a one-way logistic regression, four indicators with the highest predictive potential (p < 0.05) and associated with the occurrence of the studied endpoint were identified. Based on the results of the multivariate regression analysis, a prognostic model was developed, which included three factors with the highest levels of statistical significance, namely, a history of indications of a previous correction of valvular insufficiency, QRS duration, and LBBB criteria according to Strauss. The diagnostic efficiency of the model was 73% (sensitivity, 80%; specificity, 68%). The electrocardiographic parameters of the Strauss LBBB criteria and QRS duration were independent predictors of the studied endpoint.

CONCLUSIONS: The developed multivariate prognostic model may be useful in the selection of patients with CHF reduced ejection fraction for implantation of devices with CRT function; the lack of external validation limits its application in practice.

Cardiac Arrhythmias. 2022;2(3):39-48
pages 39-48 views

Differential Diagnostics of Wide QRS Complex Arrhythmias with Left Bundle Branch Block Morphology Using Slow Conduction Index

Chmelevsky M.P., Budanova M.A., Treshkur T.V.

Abstract

Differential diagnosis of wide QRS complex arrhythmias is one of the most challenging tasks in routine practice arrhythmology. The analysis of the wide QRS complex morphology has been introduced due to the complex problem of detecting atrial waves on ECG. A slow conduction index based on the ratio of the initial and terminal QRS amplitudes is one of the solutions to evaluate conduction velocity based on the surface ECG due to a significant variability of QRS morphology and real complexity of its detailed assessment. However, one of the significant limitations of this algorithm is a need to search for the RS wide complex type and randomly select an ECG lead with this morphology which can finally create a contradictory result.

AIM: To evaluate a possibility of using the slow conduction index for differential diagnosis of wide QRS complex arrhythmias with left bundle branch (LBBB) morphology in any of 12-leads ECG followed by evaluation of the obtained diagnostic accuracy values.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study included 280 single premature wide QRS complexes with LBBB morphology recorded during holter ECG monitoring in randomly selected 28 patients. Atrial extrasystoles were recorded in 14 patients and ventricular extrasystoles were captured during sinus rhythm in other 14 patients. A ROC analysis was used for the qualitative and quantitative assessment of a slow conduction index diagnostic values based on sensitivity (Sn), specificity (Sp) and accuracy (Acc).

RESULTS: The highest values of Sn and Sp were obtained for a slow conduction index in the leads aVL, V2, aVF, V5 and III, and the lowest — for the leads I, V3 and V6 based on the calculated area (AUC) under the ROC curves (p < 0.001 for all leads).

CONCLUSION: The study presented the fundamental possibility of using a slow conduction index in any of 12-lead ECG for the differential diagnosis of wide QRS complex arrhythmias with LBBB morphology.

Cardiac Arrhythmias. 2022;2(3):49-59
pages 49-59 views

Personalia

Max Solomonovich Kushakovsky. Life and work

Grishkin Y.N.

Abstract

Born on 1 December 1922 in the small Ukrainian town of Zvenigorodka, Cherkasy region; died on 11 Juni 2002 in Saint Petersburg.

In 1947, M.S. Kushakovky graduated from the Military Medical Academy with merits, and his name was among the first to be put on Academy's marble plaque of honor after the war. At the beginning of 1951, M.S. Kushakovky defended his PhD. thesis on the topic “Hemodynamic disorders and the condition of the precapillary bed in advanced stages of hypertension (on the issue of adaptive mechanisms)”. In September 1960 he received the academic title of Associate Professor. At the department, he was in charge of the clinical department, conducted practical classes with students of the 3rd and 6th years of the Military Medical Academy, lectured for military doctors of advanced courses on various sections of internal diseases, functional diagnostics of diseases of the heart and blood vessels. In 1965, the doctoral dissertation was successfully defended. In total, he published 17 monographs (including reprints) and more than 220 articles. Max Solomonovich was a member of the editorial boards of the journals Arterial Hypertension and Bulletin of Arrhythmology. For a long time, Max Solomonovich was a board member of the therapeutic and cardiological societies of Leningrad and St. Petersburg. Prof. M.S. Kushakovsky was a scientific advisor for 30 PhD students. In 2001, he was awarded the title of "Honorary Doctor" of the St. Petersburg Medical Academy of Postgraduate Education, as well as the title of "Honorary Cardiologist of Russia".

In 2003, the Department of Cardiology of St. Petersburg Medical Academy of Postgraduate Education was named after him. Since 2011, after the merger of St. Petersburg Medical Academy of Postgraduate Education and Leningrad Sanitary and Hygienic Medical Institute, the combined Department of Hospital Therapy and Cardiology has born his name.

Cardiac Arrhythmias. 2022;2(3):61-69
pages 61-69 views

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