Influence of air humidity on variability of morphological features of Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp. in artificial conditions

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Abstract

Vigna unguiculata (cowpea) is a species widely cultivated in southern countries, it occupies the third place in the world in terms of cultivation area among leguminous crops. Cowpea is distinguished by its resistance to drought and infertile lands, productivity, nutritional value and excellent culinary qualities of pods and seeds. In recent years interest in vegetable varieties of cowpea has increased in Russia. It is necessary the creation of new varieties that adapted to cultivation in different regions and suitable for mechanized cultivation. The type of stem growth habit is one of important signs in the selection of modern cowpea varieties. Knowledge of variability and stability of this feature and its interrelationships with other morphological features is necessary for the effective implementation of culture breeding programs.

4 cowpea samples with different growth types were the material in this study. The plants were grown in contrast air humidity conditions — at 60% and 90%. At total 14 morphological features were analyzed in 110 plants. The analysis revealed the significant influence of air humidity on the variability of the length and width of the first leaf. It was shown influence of humidity on the ability of plants to form a climbing shoot. The variability of length of the second internode, the pod length and the width of the middle leaflet was depended on the individual characteristics of the genotype. The variation in plant length was due to a complex of factors and it was interrelated with growth conditions and genotypic characteristics. In addition, an unidentifiable effect of air humidity on the growth habit type of different samples was revealed.

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About the authors

Ekaterina A. Krylova

N.I. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources

Email: e.krylova@vir.nw.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-4917-6862
SPIN-code: 5424-9513

Research Associate, Laboratory of postgenomic researches

Russian Federation, Saint Petersburg

Elena K. Khlestkina

N.I. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources

Email: director@vir.nw.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-8470-8254
SPIN-code: 3061-1429

Dr. Sci. Biol., Professor, Director

Russian Federation, Saint Petersburg

Marina O. Burlyaeva

N.I. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources

Author for correspondence.
Email: m.burlyaeva@vir.nw.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-3708-2594
SPIN-code: 7298-0174

Cand. Sci. (Biol.), Leading Research Associate, Department of genetic resources leguminous crops

Russian Federation, Saint Petersburg

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Supplementary files

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2. Fig. 1. Variability of morphological characters of vigna samples under artificial conditions. Mean - mean values, Mean ± SD - mean + standard deviation, Mean ± 1.96SD - mean + interval of 1.96 standard deviation. 1 - plant length, 2 - first internode length, 3 - second internode length, 4 - first leaf length, 5 - first leaf width, 6 - first leaf petiole length, 7 - primordial leaf length, 8 - primordial leaf width, 9 - middle leaf length, 10 - middle leaf width, 11 - middle leaf rachis length, 12 - bean length, 13 - bean width

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3. Fig. 2. Variability of morphological characters depending on plant growth conditions. Numerals denote two groups of specimens grown at different values of humidity (1 - at low humidity, 2 - at high humidity). Mean - mean values, Mean ± SE - mean + standard error of the mean, Mean ± 1.96SE - mean + interval of 1.96 error of the mean

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4. Fig. 3. Distribution of samples in the space of the first two factors (F1, F2)

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5. Fig. 4. Distribution of samples in the space of the first two factors (F1, F2)

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6. Fig. 5. Distribution of samples in the space of 1 and 2 principal coordinates (GC1 and GC2), calculated by the method of discriminant analysis of projections on latent structures

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