Genetic structure and differentiation of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) populations in the Middle and Upper Volga Regions

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Abstract

BACKGROUND: Due to broad geographical and ecological distribution of Scots pine we witness the shaping of a significant species heterogeneity. There is a demand in researching the features of the genetic structure and differentiation of Scots pine populations in different parts of the range.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: 12 populations were scrutinized with the use of ISSR markers. The genetic structure was assessed by estimating basic indicators of genetic diversity (the number of alleles per locus, the number of effective alleles, and the expected heterozygosity) and by the analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA). Genetic differentiation was assessed by Nei’s GST statistic, Mantel test, Principal Coordinates Analysis (PCoA), and creating a tree diagram.

RESULTS: Populations that grow on the right bank of the Volga in the northern and central parts of the Volga Uplands are characterized by a higher genetic diversity (Na = 1.84–1.89; Ne = 1.34–1.39; He = 0.217–0.241) and a lower subdivision (GST = 0.092). Populations that grow on the left bank proved lower rates of genetic variability (Na = 1.68–1.81; Ne = 1.27–1.35; He = 0.174–0.218) while the divergence was higher (GST = 0.179). Much of the genetic variability is within the populations (more than 80%).

CONCLUSIONS: The study determined differences in the genetic structure and the degree of differentiation of Scots pine populations, that grow on different banks of the Volga in the Middle and Upper Volga Regions.

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About the authors

Olga V. Sheikina

Volga State University of Technology

Author for correspondence.
Email: ShejkinaOV@volgatech.net
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-7507-8588
SPIN-code: 2215-3308
Scopus Author ID: 57219486493

Cand. Sci. (Agricultural), Assistant Professor, Department of Forest Crops, Breeding and Biotechnology

Russian Federation, Yoshkar-Ola

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Supplementary files

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2. Fig. 1. Map-diagram of the location of the collection points of samples of scots pine. The names of the collection points are given in accordance with Table 1

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3. Fig. 2. UPGMA dendrogram of the genetic proximity of the studied populations of Pinus sylvestris, based on the polymorphism of ISSR markers. The branching nodes contain bootstrap support values (10000 replications)

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4. Fig. 3. The location of the populations of Scots pine in the space of the main coordinates (PCoA)

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