MOLECULAR-GENETIC FOUNDATIONS OF RICE DOMESTICATION: CONTROL OF SEED SHATTERING, GRAIN SIZE, AND PERICARP COLOR



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Abstract

The domestication of rice (Oryza sativa L.) was accompanied by changes in several key traits known as the "domestication syndrome," including reduced seed shattering, increased grain size, and altered pericarp color. This review presents the latest data on the genes controlling these traits in rice. The molecular-genetic mechanisms of non-shattering seeds are discussed with a focus on genes such as SH4, qSH1, SHAT1, among others, and their roles in abscission layer development and impact on yield. Genes influencing grain size, such as GW2, GS3, GS5, and TGW6, their functions, and effects on agronomic characteristics are analyzed. The review also addresses genes controlling pericarp color, including Rc and Rd, their roles in the biosynthesis of anthocyanins and proanthocyanidins, and their influence on nutritional value and plant resilience. Understanding the genetic control of these traits is crucial for breeding new high-yielding and resilient rice varieties.

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Nikita A. Mirgorodskii

Sirius University of Science and Technology

Author for correspondence.
Email: i@nmirgorodskij.ru
ORCID iD: 0009-0005-6662-0741
SPIN-code: 1057-6260
Russian Federation, Russian Federation, Krasnodar Territory, federal territory "Sirius", Olympic ave., 1.

Sofya A. Slezova

Sirius University of Science and Technology

Email: slezovas@mail.ru
Russian Federation, Krasnodar Territory, federal territory "Sirius", Olympic ave., 1.

Nadezhda A. Dobarkina

Sirius University of Science and Technology

Email: n.dobarkina@yandex.ru
ORCID iD: 0009-0009-4283-519X
Russian Federation, Krasnodar Territory, federal territory "Sirius", Olympic ave., 1.

Tatiana V. Matveeva

Saint Petersburg State University; All-Russian Research Institute of Plant Protection

Email: radishlet@gmail.com
ORCID iD: 0000-0001-8569-6665
SPIN-code: 3877-6598
Scopus Author ID: 7006494611

Dr. Sci. (Biology), Professor, department of genetics and biotechnology

Russian Federation, 7–9 Universitetskaya emb., Saint Petersburg, 199034; Saint Petersburg

Elena A. Andreeva

Saint Petersburg State University, Saint-Petersburg, RF

Email: a.andreeva@spbu.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-9326-3170
SPIN-code: 7269-8240

Кандидат биологических наук

7–9 Universitetskaya emb., Saint Petersburg, 199034; Saint Petersburg

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