High maize barrier prevents maize pollen transfer in mixed crops

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Abstract

BACKGROUND: There is no scientifically-based assessment for the safety during co-cultivation of genetically modified and ordinary maize plants in Russia. The influence of the barrier from high maize plants for pollen-mediated gene flow in the 2020 field experiment (South-East of the European part of Russia, Saratov region) was evaluated.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: We used the high (2,15–2,90 m) maize hybrids (Kaz LK 178 and ES Regain) as a barrier for pollen-madiated gene flow from pollen donor (Purple Saratovskaya) with purple grain to recipient (Bursting Corn) maize line with yellow grain.

RESULTS: The analysis of the ears of the recipient maize line showed that not a single purple grain was found on them. It was found that in the presence of a barrier zone with a width of 3–15 m (depending on the direction), crossing in recipient maize line in all directions from the donor is completely excluded.

CONCLUSIONS: It was established, for the first time, that the barrier from high maize hybrid plants completely excludes over-pollination between donor and Bursting Corn, recipient maize plants with different flowering time. In the study of barrier plants as pollen recipients, it was found that the percentage of crosses on the cob of barrier plants ranged from 0.1 to 7.1%. The number of crosses exceeding 0.9% is observed mainly in the ES Regain variety at close (1–5 m) distances from the donor, regardless of the prevailing wind direction. Based on the results of model experiments, it can be recommended to use a barrier for corn pollen from tall maize plants and maize varieties with different flowering periods to exclude uncontrolled over-pollination of maize varieties in the South-East of the European part of Russia conditions.

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About the authors

Mikhail I. Chumakov

Institute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Plants and Microorganisms, Russian Academy of Sciences

Author for correspondence.
Email: chumakovmi@gmail.com
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-6396-2851
SPIN-code: 7354-9680
Scopus Author ID: 7006373586
ResearcherId: A-4258-2014

Dr. Sci. (Biol.), Head of Bioengineering Laboratory

Russian Federation, Saratov

Olga V. Gutorova

Saratov State University

Email: olga.gutorova@mail.ru
SPIN-code: 7711-5984

leading biologist

Russian Federation, Saratov

Yury S. Gusev

Institute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Plants and Microorganisms, Russian Academy of Sciences

Email: gusev_yu@ibppm.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0001-7379-484X
SPIN-code: 1776-5237

Cand. Sci. (Med.), Senior Researcher

Russian Federation, Saratov

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Supplementary files

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2. Fig. 1. Scheme of the organization of the field experiment in 2020. The wind rose relative to the location of the squares on the selection plot is presented during the period of donor dusting. See text for color designations. KL - variety Bursting corn, KAZ — tall corn hybrid Kaz LK 178, REG — tall corn hybrid ES Regain, PS — corn variety Purple Saratovskaya

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3. Fig. 2. Verification of the donor and recipient of corn pollen for the ability to interbreed and gametophyte incompatibility: a — cobs of the recipient popcorn (CL) obtained as a result of free pollination in the co-cultivation of Purple Saratov (PS) and CL in the absence of a barrier of tall corn plants; b — ear of hybrid F1 obtained as a result of manual crossing of KL × PS; c - ear of hybrid F1, obtained as a result of manual crossing of PS × CL

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4. Fig. 3. Ears obtained as a result of free pollination during the joint cultivation of the Purpurnaya Saratovskaya corn variety and barrier plants of the ES Regain variety (tier 5, square 8). Field experiment 2020

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5. Fig. 1. Scheme of the organization of the field experiment in 2020. The wind rose relative to the location of the squares on the selection plot is presented during the period of donor dispersion of pollen. The color designations are presented in the text. BM – Bursting Maize variety, KAZ – tall-growing hybrid maize Kaz LK 178, REG – tall-growing hybrid maize ES Regain, PS – Purple Saratovskaya maize variety

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