Vol 50, No 2 (2001)

Iraida Ivanovna Semyonova turns 80 years old. She devoted fifty of them to the undivided service of man, science, and the upbringing of the younger generation of doctors. Working as an obstetrician-gynecologist for more than half a century is a real labor feat

By means of the method of polimerase chain reaction the frequency of blank allele of genes GSTP1, GSTM1, and the frequency of polymorphous alleles of gene GSTP1 in 40 pairs with habitual noncarrying of pregnancy at early stages were studied. The results of the investigation testify to the high rate of gomozygotes GSTT1 0/0 in pairs with habitual noncarrying of pregnancy in comparison with indices in general population of North-West region of Russia (37,7% and 23,3% correspondingly).

The genes GSTM1, GSTT1, GSTP1 code enzymes, which take part in the second phase of xenobiotic detoxication system. Taking into consideration that protein products of these genes to significant extent determine the effectiveness of 2nd phase of detoxication (neutralization of xenobiotics by glutathione binding), we are to suppose that unfavorable environmental factorsplay the important role in etiology and genesis of habitual noncarrying of pregnancy at early stages.

The article reviews the materials dealing with the role of mother’s diseases, complications of pregnancy, and unfavorable environmental factors in formation of immunological reactions in neonates. The author emphasizes the role of disturbances of afterbirth state in case of gestosis, infections, mother’s smoking.
Peculiarities of immune mechanisms of neonates compared with those of elder children determine their reactivity and early development of allergic diseases.

Physicians, including gynecologists, who deal with sportswomen, do not always consider in their everyday practice the changes in female reproductive function caused by severe physical exercises. A t the same time, this problem is so important, that in 1992 American College of Sports Medicine introduced the term “Female Athlete Triad”, describing interrelationships between eating disorders, amenorrhea and osteoporosis. It is well known that menarche in athletes occur later than in sedentary women, 5-50% o f athletes are amenorrheic, anovulation takes place in 16%, luteal phase deficiency -in 4 2 % of female athletes. The high rate of ovarian insufficiency among athletes and theirprobable unfavorable sequelae require the problems in treatment andprevention of reproductive disorders in female athletes to be solved. This must be done within the modem standards of reproductive medicine.

Experiments on chronic administration of melatonin with and without chronic inhalation of toluene dosed at both maximal permissible concentration (50 mg/ml) and limited chronical range (500 mg/m3) have been carried out on female rats to discover their effects on biogenic amines system in hypothalamic structures related to gonadoliberin synthesis and secretion - preoptic area (PA) and median eminence (ME). Contents of biogenic amines in ME and especially in PA have been shown to have circadian variations with maximum in the morning in control group of rats.
The chronic effect of synchronizing agent melatonin (administered dissolved in drinking water in concentration of 10 pg/m l, at night during 2 months) on neotransmitters and their circadian variations in both hypothalamic structures proved surprisingly to be much alike the effect of toluene. Both chemicals cause the disturbances of normal circadian variations o f norepinephrine, dopamine and serotonine in PA and dopamine in ME. The simultaneous administration of toluene and melatonin showed likewise no synchronizing ability of the latter under the conditions described.

Ultrasound investigation o f feta l biometry and haemodynamic indices in fetoplacental system during pregnancy since 14 weeks was carried out in 53 women havingtwins as a result o f spontaneous pregnancy or using o f assisted reproductive technology methods. The frequency and possible reasons oflU G R development in multiple pregnancy were analyzed. To predict the possibility o f IUG R in II and III trimester o f multiple pregnancy the mathematic model was worked out based on the standard fetometric indices measuring at 14-16 weeks o f pregnancy.

The results of determination of the efficiency of liquid eubiotic preparations, such as Lactobacterin, Bifidumbacterin, Bificol, Colibacterin applied for the normalization of genital microflora in women after labor are presented in the article. The use of a combined eubiotic preparation containing both lactobacilli and bifidobacterii may be recommended.

The complex method of antenatal diagnostics of the cord entanglement round the body of the fetus is elaborated. It includes echography, color Doppler mapping, dopplerometry and actocardiography. On the basis of the data received the system of prognosing and estimating the severity of feta l hypoxia in the end of the third trimester pregnancy is suggested, that allows to choose the correct tactics of pregnancy and delivery management in different rates ofcord entanglement. The use o f this method made it possible to rise the effectiveness of antenatal diagnostics of this gestational complication from 23,5% to 79,4%, to decrease the frequency of postnatal asphyxia to 46,1% and, therefore, to avoid intra- and postnatal loss.

The clinical effectiveness o f complex enzymotherapy with preparation Vobenzim in treatment o f gestosis was studied in comparison with traditional therapy. The author analyzes the course оf gestation and delivery, and the state оf neonates in women with nephropathy o f I degree, who got common treatment (28 patients) and complex treatment including Vobenzim (17patients). Positive clinical effect o f complex enzymotherapy in case o f nephropathy is displayed in decreasing of edematic syndrome, eliminating or decreasing o f proteinuria, lowering o f blood pressure and impairment o f fetalhypoxia in labors. It goes along with the reduction o f immune complexes fixed in placenta.

The present investigation aims at studying the blood flow in the umbilical vein in the first half of normal pregnancy. It was shown that the establishing of hemocirculation passes through 4 periods: 8- 10th, 11-12th, 13-16th and after the 16th week of pregnancy. Besides that, statistically verified changes in maximum blood flow speed and index of pulsation in this vessel were revealed. Constant bloodstream spectrum reflects stability of oxygenic bloodsupply of the fetus.

The research aims at studying the dynamics and character o f disorders in the target-organs and appraisingthe quality оf life in women with surgical menopause (SM ) on the background o f hormonal replacement therapy (HRT).
Application o f Femoston as the preferable preparation was determined by functional state оf estrogen-dependent organs (cardiovascular system, bone tissue, and mamma) and accompanying extragenital diseases.
Hormonal replacement therapy effectively reduces early climacterics disorders connected with menopause and promotes prophylaxis o f late complications o f menopause development (cardiovascular disease and osteoporosis). Femoston is the preparation o f choice fo r women with surgical menopause as it exerts minimum influence on the metabolism and doesn’t have anabolic or glucocorticoid effects.

From 17 to 18 May 2001, a scientific and practical conference "New approaches to screening, diagnosis and treatment of ovarian tumors" was held at the Novgorod Regional Oncological Dispensary.
The conference was organized with the joint participation of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Research Institute of Oncology named after V.I. prof. N.N. Petrov, Novgorod Regional Oncological Dispensary, Moscow Oncological Institute. P.A. Herzen, Research Institute of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences. BEFORE. Ott.
For the first time in our country, a representative forum of specialists in the field of oncology, obstetrics and gynecology, endovideosurgery was held. More than 200 leading experts from St. Petersburg, Moscow, Veliky Novgorod, Rostov-on-Don, Minsk, Kiev took part in the conference. Following the results of the conference, the following resolution was adopted

In the review the literary data on some troubles and complications o f blood transfusion are drawn.

On the basis оf the present researchpathogenetically substantiated conception o f cervical pseudoerosion treatment is elaborated. The paper describes the schemes o f treating uncomplicated pseudoerosion with Tri-regol and complicated one - with complex method, which includes application o f the native prolonged enzyme Profezime. Relapses and complications o f the disease under different methods o f treatment are studied in comparison. The method i f applied promotes the efficiency o f the treatment, makes it possible to decrease the rate o f complications and the recurrence frequency.