Functional Activity of Reciprocal Inhibition of α-Motor Neurons of Antagonistic Muscles in Different Types of Muscle Contractions of Submaximal and Maximal Force

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Abstract

INTRODUCTION: Currently, the results of investigation of different types of spinal inhibition in isometric voluntary contraction of muscles have been published. There are separate reports devoted to the role of recurrent and presynaptic inhibition in the regulation of isometric and anisometric voluntary contractions of submaximal and maximal strength.

AIM: To evaluate the effect of the type and strength of muscle contraction with and without performing Jendrassik maneuver on the manifestation of reciprocal inhibition of α-motor neurons of antagonistic muscles of the lower leg.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study involved 8 healthy men aged 20–22 years. Reciprocal inhibition was evaluated by suppression of the amplitude of testing H-reflex of m. soleus in conditioning stimulation of n. peroneus profundus, and of testing stimulation of n. tibialis with 3 msec interval between stimuli. Reciprocal inhibition was recorded in concentric, eccentric and isometric contractions with 50% and 100% of maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) with and without Jendrassic maneuver.

RESULTS: In performing concentric, eccentric and isometric contractions of lower leg muscles with increase in strength from 50% to 100% of MVC, the activity of reciprocal inhibition decreased. Reciprocal inhibition was most evident in concentric contraction with 50% of MVC strength, less evident in eccentric contraction and was lowest in isometric contraction. With the maximal strength, reciprocal inhibition was most expressed in isometric contraction, less expressed in concentric contraction and was weakest in eccentric contraction. With Jendrassik maneuver, reduction of reciprocal inhibition was more expressed in different types of MVCs in comparison with parameters obtained with 50% of MVC. Using Jendrassic maneuver with 50% and 100% of MVC effort, strongest reciprocal inhibition was recorded in isometric contraction, weaker inhibition in concentric contraction and weakest in eccentric contraction. The effect of Jendrassik maneuver was manifested by weakening of reciprocal inhibition in concentric and eccentric contraction of submaximal force, and by its enhancement in isometric contraction.

CONCLUSION: Variability of manifestation of reciprocal inhibition of α-motor neurons of antagonistic muscles of lower leg in different types of muscle contractions of submaximal and maximal strength is associated with the fact that the pool of segmental motor neurons of m. soleus is controlled not only by a wide spectrum of excitatory cortico- and reticulospinal influences, but also by other kinds of inhibition, thus providing coordinated motor actions.

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Denis A. Gladchenko

Velikiye Luki State Academy of Physical Culture and Sports

Author for correspondence.
Email: gladchenko84@outlook.com
ORCID iD: 0000-0001-6041-3614
SPIN-code: 7541-0760

Cand. Sci. (Biol.), Associate Professor

Russian Federation, Velikiye Luki

Sergey M. Bogdanov

Velikiye Luki State Academy of Physical Culture and Sports

Email: turbon10@yandex.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0003-2543-6890
SPIN-code: 2076-9689
Russian Federation, Velikiye Luki

Lyudmila V. Roschina

Velikiye Luki State Academy of Physical Culture and Sports

Email: ljudaroschina@yandex.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-7647-2106
SPIN-code: 6287-8630

Cand. Sci. (Biol.)

Russian Federation, Velikiye Luki

Andrey A. Chelnokov

Velikiye Luki State Academy of Physical Culture and Sports

Email: and-chelnokov@yandex.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0003-0502-5752
SPIN-code: 4706-8513

Dr. Sci. (Biol.), Professor

Russian Federation, Velikiye Luki

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2. Fig. 1. The amplitude of H-response of m. soleus from the control reflex with concentric, eccentric, isometric contractions with different strength, %. Note: IC — isometric contraction, CC — concentric contraction, MVC — maximum voluntary contraction, EC — eccentric contraction; — the average value of the amplitude of the testing H-reflex from the control.

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3. Fig. 2. The amplitude of H-response of m. soleus from the control reflex in concentric, eccentric, isometric contractions of different strength in combination with Jendrassic maneuver, %. Note: — the average value of the amplitude of the testing H-reflex from the control.

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4. Fig. 3. The proposed model of the inhibitory interneuronal network of the lower leg antagonistic muscles mediated by ascending and descending influences on spinal motor neurons in different types of muscle contraction of submaximal and maximum strength. Notes: Ia and Ib — afferent fibers of group I; α — efferent motor neuron fiber; MN — α-motoneurons; IN PAD — inhibitory interneurons Ia of primary afferent depolarization; IN Ib — inhibitory interneurons Ib; IN Ia — reciprocal inhibition interneurons; 1 — activation of ascending afferent systems and descending corticospinal tract in concentric, eccentric, isometric contraction of the lower leg muscles; 2, 3 — ascending peripheral influences from afferents; 4 — descending supraspinal influences; 5 — reciprocal inhibition; 6 — presynaptic inhibition; 7 — recurrent inhibition; 8 — non–recurrent (Ib) inhibition; 9 — activation of the reticulospinal pathways by Jendrassik maneuver.

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